{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:38:38Z","timestamp":1791923918855,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES\/T00424X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/T00424X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmentalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Globally, more than 250 million children and adolescents experience mental health (MH) disorders. The estimated 43 million children forcibly displaced at the end of 2022, most commonly displaced to neighbouring low-and-middle-income countries where health and social protection systems are under-resourced, are at especially high risk of developing MH problems. In such settings, host community and refugee parents must often navigate complex pathways to attain the care their children need. Lebanon has experienced multiple crises and now hosts over 1 million refugees from Syria. We explore Lebanese and Syrian refugee parents\u2019 experiences of seeking MH care for their children in Lebanon. This study is part of a larger study qualitatively assessing how Syrian refugee and host populations pay for and access MH services. As part of this study, we conducted a narrative enquiry comprising 10 interviews with purposively selected Lebanese and Syrian parents of children with mental health problems, living in the Greater Beirut and Mount Lebanon area. Data were analysed collaboratively and inductively. Parents reported that the decision to seek MH services for their children commonly followed an acute event, encouragement by family members, or advice from health and child protection organisations. Many described how, even though stigma associated with MH is decreasing in Lebanon, it persists among some communities and creates significant barriers to accessing care, with parents often concealing their care seeking activities. Parents followed a range of pathways to access care, often encountering financial and accessibility barriers. The economic and COVID-19 crises in Lebanon have exacerbated their problems, affecting Lebanese and Syrian families alike. However, Syrian parents needed more support for their children\u2019s basic and educational needs, vital aspects of maintaining their MH and wellbeing. All parents stressed how important it was for MH services to provide comprehensive family support, preserving parents\u2019 dignity, and building trust with both parents and children. They also recommended integrating life skills, recreational activities, and assistance with basic needs into MH services and preferred counselling and psychotherapy over medication. We conclude that Lebanese and Syrian parents in Lebanon face multiple challenges obtaining care for children with MH concerns, a situation exacerbated by the many crises facing Lebanon. Lebanon\u2019s health financing system needs urgent reform to improve MH services to host-community and refugee populations, while governmental and humanitarian stakeholders must seek to deliver cross-sectoral holistic services to children and their families, avoiding the siloed approach that focuses only on children\u2019s MH in isolation from family and social environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T18:05:11Z","timestamp":1746813911000},"page":"e0000305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lebanese and Syrian refugee parents\u2019 experiences of accessing mental health care for their children in Lebanon: Findings from a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4150-8017","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph","family":"Elias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bassel","family":"Meksassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6800-1657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felicity L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-6431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rozane El","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rayane","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8473-1814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandy","family":"Chaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-5859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bayard","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0121-9683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-0924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michele Kosremelli","family":"Asmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabih El","family":"Chammay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0057-121X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neha S.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000305.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.5051","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence and Disability From Mental Disorders Across Childhood and Adolescence: Evidence From the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"81","author":"C Kieling","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000305.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"M Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmen.0000305.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007759","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007759","article-title":"The global return on investment from preventing and treating adolescent mental disorders and suicide: a modelling study","volume":"7","author":"R Stelmach","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref004","article-title":"Global Cost-Benefit Analysis on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Interventions in Education Settings Across the Humanitarian Development Nexus","author":"UNICEF, RTI","year":"2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organization. World mental health report: transforming mental health for all. 2022."},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002524","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002524","article-title":"Global child and adolescent mental health: The orphan of development assistance for health","volume":"15","author":"C Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"XXX","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.020901","article-title":"Developmental assistance for child and adolescent mental health in low\u2013and middle\u2013income countries (2007\u20132014): Annual trends and allocation by sector, project type, donors and recipients","volume":"7","author":"J Turner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of global health"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref008","volume-title":"World Health Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2017","year":"2018"},{"issue":"10194","key":"pmen.0000305.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30934-1","article-title":"New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"394","author":"F Charlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref010","article-title":"Mental health and psychosocial support interventions for children affected by armed conflict in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review","volume-title":"Child & Youth Care Forum","author":"NT Arega","year":"2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2024.17","article-title":"The impact of mental health and psychosocial support programmes on children and young people\u2019s mental health in the context of humanitarian emergencies in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"M Bangpan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796019000660","article-title":"Treatment gap and mental health service use among Syrian refugees in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"29","author":"DC Fuhr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104181","article-title":"Adverse experiences in early childhood and their longitudinal impact on later behavioral problems of children living in poverty","volume":"98","author":"J-K Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silwal A, Engilbertsdottir S, Cuesta J, Newhouse D, Stewart D. Global estimate of children in monetary poverty: An update. 2020.","DOI":"10.1596\/34704"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref015","author":"UNICEF","year":"2021"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref016","unstructured":"UNHCR. Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2022. 2023."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref017","author":"UNHCR W, UNICEF","year":"2022"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref018","article-title":"Lebanon Crisis Response Plan 2023","author":"Government of Lebanon, United Nations"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref019","article-title":"ACAPS Thematic Report - Lebanon: The effect of the socioeconomic crisis on healthcare (19 October 2023).Thematic report - Lebanon: The effect of the socioeconomic crisis on healthcare","author":"ACAPS","year":"2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref020","unstructured":"Deprived childhoods: Child poverty in crisis-wracked Lebanon. 2022."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref021","unstructured":"Government of Lebanon UN. Lebanon crisis response plan 2017-2020. 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"pmen.0000305.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.20.003","article-title":"The primary healthcare network in Lebanon: a national facility assessment","volume":"26","author":"R Hemadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref023","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health L. Lebanon National Health Strategy-Vision 2030. 2023."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref024","author":"Ministry of Public Health L. Draft mental health strategy 2023-2023 - for public review","year":"2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref025","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health L. Mental health and substance use - prevention, promotion, and treatment: situation analysis and strategy for Lebanon 2015-2020. 2015."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref026","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref027","author":"World Health Organization","year":"20 November 2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref028","author":"IFRC","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref029","first-page":"319","article-title":"Parental facilitation of adolescent mental health service utilization: A conceptual and empirical review.","volume":"8","author":"DE Logan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5172\/jamh.2013.11.2.131","article-title":"Parents\u2019 experience of seeking help for children with mental health problems","volume":"11","author":"E Boulter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Advances in mental health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000305.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1037\/fsh0000004","article-title":"Shared decision-making, stigma, and child mental health functioning among families referred for primary care-located mental health services","volume":"32","author":"AM Butler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fam Syst Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12081","article-title":"Parents\u2019 help-seeking processes for early childhood mental health problems","volume":"20","author":"E Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pmen.0000305.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200109000-00009","article-title":"Children\u2019s health care use: a prospective investigation of factors related to care-seeking","volume":"39","author":"DM Janicke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref034","article-title":"Supporting government and partners in health system strengthening for better mental health of Syrian refugees and host communities in Lebanon","author":"GOAL"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clandinin D. Handbook of narrative inquiry: Mapping a methodology. 2006.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452226552"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2307\/3588331","article-title":"Narrative Inquiry: More Than Just Telling Stories","volume":"36","author":"JS Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"TESOL Quarterly"},{"issue":"S2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-S2-P22","article-title":"Techniques to tell the real story: narrative inquiry in health services research","volume":"14","author":"N Ison","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref038","article-title":"Narrative interviewing","volume":"unknown","author":"C Anderson","year":"2016"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221081594","article-title":"Critical Narrative Inquiry: An Examination of a Methodological Approach","volume":"21","author":"LA Pino Gavidia","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref040","author":"OCHA. Lebanon: Beirut & Mount Lebanon Governorates Profile (October 2018). Available at","year":"2018"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref041","author":"UNHCR","year":"2023"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref042","first-page":"1","article-title":"Doing qualitative research","author":"D Silverman","year":"2021"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref043","unstructured":"Green J, Thorogood N. Qualitative methods for health research. 2018."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref044","author":"J Mason","year":"2018"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/16094069221139474","article-title":"Collaborative Coding in Multi-National Teams: Benefits, Challenges and Experiences Promoting Equitable Research","volume":"21","author":"T Zreik","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1057\/s41285-017-0053-2","article-title":"A Conceptual Framework for Examining Healthcare Access and Navigation: A Behavioral-Ecological Perspective","volume":"16","author":"M Ryvicker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Theory Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2016.1262613","article-title":"Thematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"V Clarke","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref048","unstructured":"Lokot M, Wake C. The co-production of research between academics, NGOs and communities in humanitarian response: A practice guide. 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref049","first-page":"226","article-title":"Extending the conversation: Qualitative research as dialogic collaborative process","volume":"13","author":"T Paulus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qualitative Report"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000305.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732304272015","article-title":"Qualitative teamwork issues and strategies: coordination through mutual adjustment","volume":"15","author":"WA Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmen.0000305.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0001383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001383","article-title":"Patient experiences of diabetes and hypertension care during an evolving humanitarian crisis in Lebanon: A qualitative study","volume":"3","author":"R Willis","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"9801","key":"pmen.0000305.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60754-X","article-title":"Poverty and mental disorders: breaking the cycle in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"C Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref053","first-page":"134","article-title":"Mental disorders: equity and social determinants","volume":"115","author":"V Patel","year":"n.d","journal-title":"Equity, social determinants and public health programmes"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.05.008","article-title":"Stress and child development: a review of the Family Stress Model","volume":"13","author":"AS Masarik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000305.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-023-01160-8","article-title":"Suicidality Among Syrian Refugee Children in Jordan","volume":"60","author":"R Dehnel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112749","article-title":"Stigma reduction interventions for children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: Systematic review of intervention strategies","volume":"246","author":"K Hartog","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref057","author":"Justice for Mental Health (Lebanon)"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref058","author":"Autism Awareness Association - Lebanon (AAA)"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref059","author":"National Mental Health Program, Ministy of Public Health-Lebanon","year":"20 November 2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000305.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1192\/S2056474000001409","article-title":"Lebanon: mental health system reform and the Syrian crisis","volume":"13","author":"E Karam","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJPsych Int"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796022000580","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and global mental health: avenues to reduce the burden of child and adolescent mental disorders","volume":"31","author":"C Ceccarelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000305.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-022-00533-y","article-title":"Mental health stigma at primary health care centres in Lebanon: qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"R Abi Hana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmen.0000305.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21818","article-title":"Exploring a model for infant and early childhood mental health consultation in early childhood home visiting","volume":"40","author":"CH Lambarth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2015.11.027","article-title":"An intensive mental health home visiting model for two at-risk early childhood populations","volume":"61","author":"KE Reuter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000305.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21399","article-title":"Serving Highly Vulnerable Families in Home\u2010Visitation Programs","volume":"34","author":"L Azzi\u2010Lessing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000305.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32872\/cpe.v1i4.37679","article-title":"Cultural Adaptation of Scalable Psychological Interventions: A New Conceptual Framework","volume":"1","author":"E Heim","year":"2019","journal-title":"CPE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000305.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30060-9","article-title":"Social determinants of mental disorders and the Sustainable Development Goals: a systematic review of reviews","volume":"5","author":"C Lund","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmmh.2022.100072","article-title":"Scaling up person-centered psychosocial interventions: Global mental Health\u2019s next challenge","volume":"2","author":"V Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM - Mental Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmh.2020.100028","article-title":"Lessons from humanitarian clusters to strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review","volume":"1\u20132","author":"A Durrance-Bagale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Migr Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref070","unstructured":"Brown FL, Yousef H, Bleile A, Mansour H, Barrett A, Ghatasheh M, et al. Nurturing Families: A feasibility randomised controlled trial of a whole-family intervention with vulnerable families in Jordan."},{"key":"pmen.0000305.ref071","author":"UNRWA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000305.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1068-9","article-title":"Innovative health financing for refugees","volume":"16","author":"P Spiegel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T18:05:26Z","timestamp":1746813926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000305"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Karli","family":"Montague-Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2837-8156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-8156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}}}