{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T18:07:48Z","timestamp":1789150068422,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020171","name":"Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GB-EDU-133903-301134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GB-EDU-133903-301134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmentalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychosis and other severe mental health conditions cause substantial disability and reduced functioning across a number of domains. Services in low- and middle-income settings are often weak, and predominantly biomedical. Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) offers a comprehensive and person-centred approach that is aligned to effective case management models. The Support, Comprehensive Care and Empowerment for People with Psychosocial Disabilities (SUCCEED) programme was co-produced with people living with psychosis in four sub-Saharan countries, with a view to improving quality of life, mental health outcomes, and community participation. This paper described the intervention development process, using multiple iterations of Theory of Change (ToC), incorporating situation analysis, formative research and piloting. We present these iterations as results, using the GUIDED framework for intervention development, and the intervention is described using the TIDieR framework. We conclude that ToC can promote participatory processes of intervention co-development, as well as generate research questions. Interventions must remain flexible, and be open to revision, even if having core active ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:24:49Z","timestamp":1789147489000},"page":"e0000668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Co-production using Theory of Change in the development of the SUCCEED Africa community-based rehabilitation intervention for people living with psychosis in West and Southeast Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-4965","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julian","family":"Eaton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine","place":["Liverpool, United Kingdom"],"department":["Department of International Public Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6795-6371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olubukola","family":"Omobowale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Community Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Tamambang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6921-3122","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel","family":"Greenley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd","family":"Dzapasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe","place":["Harare, Zimbabwe"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musa","family":"Buyanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe","place":["Harare, Zimbabwe"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Nkhata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences","place":["Blantyre, Malawi"],"department":["Department of Mental Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olayinka","family":"Bamidele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Sefasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences","place":["Blantyre, Malawi"],"department":["Department of Mental Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3808-8530","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olayinka","family":"Omigbodun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Esliker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Makeni","place":["Makeni, Sierra Leone"],"department":["Department for Clinical Counselling"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olayinka","family":"Aturu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeola","family":"Oduguwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4382-0044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olusegun","family":"Ogunmola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Ibadan","place":["Ibadan, Nigeria"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alhaji","family":"Koroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Makeni","place":["Makeni, Sierra Leone"],"department":["Department for Clinical Counselling"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2474-224X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Epiphania","family":"Munetsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zimbabwe","place":["Harare, Zimbabwe"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Shakespeare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace K.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00574-x","article-title":"Reprioritising global mental health: psychoses in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"17","author":"OO Omigbodun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.09.005","article-title":"A widening longevity gap between people with schizophrenia and general population: A literature review and call for action","volume":"196","author":"EE Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"9803","key":"pmen.0000668.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61458-X","article-title":"Human rights violations of people with mental and psychosocial disabilities: an unresolved global crisis","volume":"378","author":"N Drew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(25)00206-8","article-title":"Programmes for people who are homeless and have severe mental illness in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"L McPhail","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-197902042-00019","article-title":"12. Therapeutic communities of the hospital and villages in Aro Hospital Complex in Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"T Asuni","year":"1979","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025813003347","article-title":"The legend and lessons of Geel, Belgium: a 1500-year-old legend, a 21st-century model","volume":"39","author":"JL Goldstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.70100","article-title":"Mental Health Services for Serious Mental Illness: Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"12","author":"P Roson Rodriguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000668.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/8.4.655","article-title":"Improving the quality of community care for the chronically mentally disabled: the role of case management","volume":"8","author":"J Intagliata","year":"1982","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000668.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00027-4","article-title":"Community-based rehabilitation intervention for people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia (RISE): results of a 12-month cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"L Asher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000668.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2165\/00115677-200109030-00003","article-title":"Assertive Community Treatment for People with Severe Mental Illness","volume":"9","author":"GR Bond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Manag Health Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000668.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01329-0","article-title":"Models of Care of Schizophrenia in the Community-An International Perspective","volume":"24","author":"GS Gowda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"pmen.0000668.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500066","article-title":"Mental Health Care for Vulnerable People With Complex Needs in Low-Income Countries: Two Services in West Africa","volume":"66","author":"J Eaton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-6-1","article-title":"Sitting with others: mental health self-help groups in northern Ghana","volume":"6","author":"A Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00221","article-title":"Disability, impairment or illness? The relevance of the social model of disability to the study of mental disorder","volume":"22","author":"J Mulvany","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illness"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00574-x","article-title":"Reprioritising global mental health: psychoses in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"17","author":"G Ryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-024-00630-0","article-title":"Community-based rehabilitation for people with psychosocial disabilities in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the grey literature","volume":"18","author":"A-M Butura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000668.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033516","article-title":"Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED): an evidence-based consensus study","volume":"10","author":"E Duncan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"TC Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref019","article-title":"Living with psychosis in West and Southeast Africa: SUCCEED Africa\u2019s four-country situation analysis","volume":"11","author":"O Omobowale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-267","article-title":"Theory of Change: a theory-driven approach to enhance the Medical Research Council\u2019s framework for complex interventions","volume":"15","author":"MJ De Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref021","volume-title":"Impure science: AIDS, activism, and the politics of knowledge","author":"S Epstein","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-023-00594-7","article-title":"Co-producing research on psychosis: a scoping review on barriers, facilitators and outcomes","volume":"17","author":"CE Jakobsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref023","first-page":"633","volume-title":"Brain Gain in Uganda: a case study of peer working as an adjunct to statutory mental health care in a low-income country. The Palgrave Handbook of sociocultural perspectives on global mental health","author":"C Hall","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2435","article-title":"Using Peer Support in Developing Empowering Mental Health Services (UPSIDES): Background, Rationale and Methodology","volume":"85","author":"B Puschner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref025","first-page":"9243548050","volume-title":"Community-based rehabilitation: CBR guidelines","author":"WHO, Consortium IDD","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000668.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/13563890221086309","article-title":"Methodological reflections on using qualitative research to explore the causal mechanisms of complex health interventions","volume":"28","author":"C Bonell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evaluation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref027","first-page":"69","article-title":"WHO\u2019s QualityRights Initiative: Transforming Services and Promoting Rights in Mental Health","volume":"22","author":"M Funk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"12","key":"pmen.0000668.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001359","article-title":"PRIME: a programme to reduce the treatment gap for mental disorders in five low- and middle-income countries","volume":"9","author":"C Lund","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2022.25","article-title":"Interventions for adolescents and adults with psychosis in Africa: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"9","author":"X Hunt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-024-01536-x","article-title":"SUCCEED Africa: protocol for a multi-method pilot study of a community-based intervention for people with psychosis in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and Malawi","volume":"10","author":"R Greenley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.009","article-title":"Therapist competence in global mental health: Development of the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) rating scale","volume":"69","author":"BA Kohrt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-017-0132-y","article-title":"Improving detection of mental health problems in community settings in Nepal: development and pilot testing of the community informant detection tool","volume":"11","author":"P Subba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-020-00382-7","article-title":"Stakeholder perspectives of Community Mental Health Forums: a qualitative study in Sierra Leone","volume":"14","author":"B Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.5.589","article-title":"The Camberwell Assessment of Need: the validity and reliability of an instrument to assess the needs of people with severe mental illness","volume":"167","author":"M Phelan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"pmen.0000668.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201900377","article-title":"Evaluation of Proactive Community Case Detection to Increase Help Seeking for Mental Health Care: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"71","author":"MJD Jordans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/0961452032000125857","article-title":"From clients to citizens: Asset-based Community Development as a strategy for community-driven development","volume":"13","author":"A Mathie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx132","article-title":"Economic, Labor, and Regulatory Moderators of the Effect of Individual Placement and Support Among People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"JD Metcalfe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.53","article-title":"Delivering a complex mental health intervention in low-resource settings: lessons from the implementation of the PRIME mental healthcare plan in primary care in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"5","author":"R Shidhaye","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"pmen.0000668.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143572","article-title":"Development of a Community-Based Rehabilitation Intervention for People with Schizophrenia in Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"L Asher","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-018-0188-0","article-title":"A structured approach to integrating mental health services into primary care: development of the Mental Health Scale Up Nigeria intervention (mhSUN)","volume":"12","author":"J Eaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref041","volume-title":"WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013\u20132020","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref042","unstructured":"SUCCEED, Global Mental Health Peer Network. A Basic Guide for People with Lived Experience to get involved in Research. London: LSHTM, University of Ibadan, University of Zimbabwe, University of Makeni, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.mhinnovation.net\/resources\/basic-guide-people-lived-experience-get-involved-research"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref043","article-title":"Development of the mental health cultural adaptation and contextualization for implementation (mhCACI) procedure: a systematic framework to prepare evidence-based psychological interventions for scaling","volume":"8","author":"M Sangraula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Ment Health (Camb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-021-00442-6","article-title":"Lessons from a theory of change-driven evaluation of a global mental health funding portfolio","volume":"15","author":"GM Esponda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"pmen.0000668.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-023-01118-w","article-title":"Cracks that Let the Light in: Collective Reflections on Integrating Lived Experience of Psychosis in Research and Policy in the Context of a Global Commission","volume":"59","author":"YY Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"pmen.0000668.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258","article-title":"Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"350","author":"GF Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-10543-w","article-title":"Perspectives of key informants before and after implementing UPSIDES peer support in mental health services: qualitative findings from an international multi-site study","volume":"24","author":"M Haun","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000668.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461519858446","article-title":"Mechanisms and perceived mental health changes after a livelihood intervention for HIV-positive Kenyans: Longitudinal, qualitative findings","volume":"57","author":"AM Hatcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:24:57Z","timestamp":1789147497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000668"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kaaren R","family":"Mathias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury","place":["NEW ZEALAND"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000668","relation":{},"ISSN":["2837-8156"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-8156","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}}}