{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:47:27Z","timestamp":1792788447845,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040ch0e11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosmentalhealth.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLOS Ment Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Collaborative, recovery-oriented psychological interventions are in demand within mental health settings, but layers of barriers can impede their implementation, particularly within acute services. Psychological formulation is a recovery-oriented, collaborative process involving the development of a shared understanding of a service user\u2019s mental health difficulties. Psychological formulation has the potential to support a shift away from the embedded medical model; however, few, if any, frameworks have involved service users at the development stage. This study examines the acceptability of a collaboratively developed model of psychological formulation, piloted with staff within a specialist inpatient setting as well as a wider sample of individuals involved in delivering or receiving mental health services. A theory-driven and collaboratively developed psychological formulation model was developed (the \u2018Personal Narrative Model\u2019) and acceptability was evaluated with (1) acute inpatient staff working on an adult ward, and (2) a wider sample of professionals and individuals with lived experience. A focus group (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097), surveys (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200926), and interviews were conducted (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098) and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The formulation model demonstrated promising acceptability although it was not meaningfully implemented within the acute setting. Three overarching themes are presented from the data: 1) the value of collaborative formulation, 2) implementation barriers, and 3) \u2018selling\u2019 and embedding change. Although there is an appetite for more contextualised ways of viewing and supporting mental health, underlying practical, cultural, and attitudinal barriers exist. Practical recommendations are shared for future researchers or practitioners seeking to embed psychological interventions within their applied settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmen.0000718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:44:03Z","timestamp":1790358243000},"page":"e0000718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmen.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An exploration of acceptability of a collaboratively developed model of formulation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-7325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aneita","family":"Pringle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Psychology and Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Totman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Counselling Service, University of Oxford","place":["Oxford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Van Bortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"department":["Cambridge Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry"]},{"name":"Health Innovation East","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Kaminskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anglia Ruskin University","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"department":["School of Psychology and Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pmen.0000718.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.30.9.341","article-title":"Psychological formulations in psychiatric care: staff views on their impact","volume":"30","author":"A Summers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Bull"},{"key":"pmen.0000718.ref002","unstructured":"Good Practice Guidelines on the use of psychological formulation [Internet]. British Psychological Society; 2011 [cited 2026 Feb 26]. p. bpsrep.2011.rep100. Available from: https:\/\/explore.bps.org.uk\/lookup\/doi\/10.53841\/bpsrep.2011.rep100"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000718.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817722230","article-title":"Psychological Formulation as an Alternative to Psychiatric Diagnosis","volume":"58","author":"L Johnstone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Humanist Psychol"},{"key":"pmen.0000718.ref004","unstructured":"Royal College of Psychiatrists. A competency based curriculum for specialist core training in psychiatry: core training in psychiatry CT1 \u2013 CT3 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2026 Feb 27]. Available from: https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/docs\/default-source\/training\/curricula-and-guidance\/core_psychiatry_curriculum_may_2019.pdf?sfvrsn=f8594b3e_2"},{"key":"pmen.0000718.ref005","unstructured":"Skills for Health and Health Education England. The core skills education and training framework for mental health. 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000718.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12155","article-title":"A systematic review of team formulation in clinical psychology practice: Definition, implementation, and outcomes","volume":"91","author":"N Geach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmen.0000718.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733","article-title":"Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"199","author":"M Leamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"pmen.0000718.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.10.1.37","article-title":"The rediscovery of recovery: open to all","volume":"10","author":"G Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Psychiatr Treat"},{"issue":"26","key":"pmen.0000718.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hsdr05260","article-title":"Cross-national mixed-methods comparative case study of recovery-focused mental health care planning and co-ordination in acute inpatient mental health settings (COCAPP-A)","volume":"5","author":"A Simpson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Serv Deliv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pmen.0000718.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12794","article-title":"Implementation of recovery-oriented practice in hospital-based mental health services: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"L Lorien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pmen.0000718.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459319889107","article-title":"\u201cShould it fit? Yes. Does it fit? No\u201d: Exploring the organisational processes of introducing a recovery-oriented approach to mental health in Australian private health care","volume":"25","author":"L Dawson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pmen.0000718.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1108\/MHRJ-02-2018-0006","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 discourses of challenging behaviour in inpatient mental-health services","volume":"23","author":"A Mellow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ment Health Rev J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pmen.0000718.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40737-019-00145-9","article-title":"The Legitimacy of User Knowledge in Decision-Making Processes in Mental Health Care: An Analysis of Epistemic Injustice","volume":"6","author":"K Grim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health"},{"key":"pmen.0000718.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeandle J, Fawkes L, Beeby R, Gordon C, Challis E. 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