{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1791187481169,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]],"date-time":"2008-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207094400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1207084160000},"page":"e213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Human Leptospirosis Caused by a New, Antigenically Unique Leptospira Associated with a Rattus Species Reservoir in the Peruvian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Matthias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Ricaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cespedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Monica","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee L.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold G.","family":"Steigerwalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Vidal","family":"Ore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gotuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul N.","family":"Levett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: A zoonotic disease of global importance.","volume":"3","author":"AR Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis.","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200110000-00005","article-title":"Leptospirosis.","volume":"14","author":"JM Vinetz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.35","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis febrile cases among humans in the Peruvian Amazon River region.","volume":"58","author":"DM Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1086\/427110","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis in an endemic region, with quantification of leptospiral burden.","volume":"40","author":"E Segura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.255","article-title":"Detection of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. infections among mammals captured in the Peruvian Amazon basin region.","volume":"63","author":"JE Bunnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"152","article-title":"[Leptospirosis in Iquitos, Department of Loreto, Peru].","volume":"90","author":"J Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"24","article-title":"Prueba de ELISA indirecta para la deteccion de anticuerpos IgM para el diagnostico de leptospirosis humana.","volume":"19","author":"M Cespedes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Guidelines for the Control of Leptospirosis","author":"S Faine","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.59","article-title":"Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> O157:H7, <italic>Salmonella<\/italic>, and <italic>Shigella<\/italic> for PulseNet.","volume":"3","author":"EM Ribot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5483-5490.2005","article-title":"Assessment of band-based similarity coefficients for automatic type and subtype classification of microbial isolates analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.","volume":"43","author":"JA Carrico","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00670-06","article-title":"Species-specific identification of <italic>Leptospiraceae<\/italic> by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.","volume":"44","author":"RE Morey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"115","article-title":"The Staden package, 1998.","volume":"132","author":"R Staden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg180","article-title":"MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models.","volume":"19","author":"F Ronquist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80104-3","article-title":"The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution.","volume":"142","author":"F Rodriguez","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.15.6.1133-1140.1982","article-title":"<italic>Escherichia vulneris<\/italic>: a new species of <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> associated with human wounds.","volume":"15","author":"DJ Brenner","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.101.2.333-338.1970","article-title":"Correlation of melting temperature and cesium chloride buoyant density of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid.","volume":"101","author":"M Mandel","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-3-851","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira fainei<\/italic> sp. nov., isolated from pigs in Australia.","volume":"48 Pt 3","author":"P Perolat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45860-0","article-title":"Detection of pathogenic leptospires by real-time quantitative PCR.","volume":"54","author":"PN Levett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004","article-title":"Comparative genomics of two <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.","volume":"186","author":"AL Nascimento","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-13","article-title":"A quantitative PCR (TaqMan) assay for pathogenic <italic>Leptospira spp<\/italic>.","volume":"2","author":"LD Smythe","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.2.697-703.1991","article-title":"16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study.","volume":"173","author":"WG Weisburg","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030308","article-title":"Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>.","volume":"3","author":"CA Ganoza","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-839","article-title":"Further determination of DNA relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family <italic>Leptospiraceae<\/italic> with a proposal for <italic>Leptospira alexanderi<\/italic> sp. nov. and four new <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> genomospecies.","volume":"49 Pt 2","author":"DJ Brenner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-37-4-407","article-title":"Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness between serogroups and serovars in the family <italic>Leptospiraceae<\/italic> with proposals for seven new <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species.","volume":"37","author":"PH Yasuda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000","article-title":"The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection.","volume":"68","author":"DA Haake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"245","article-title":"International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>. Minutes of the meeting, 3 to 6 September 1978, Munich, F.R.G.","volume":"32","author":"ND Stallman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63088-0","article-title":"Reclassification of <italic>Leptospira parva<\/italic> Hovind-Hougen et al. 1982 as <italic>Turneriella parva<\/italic> gen. <italic>nov<\/italic>., comb. <italic>nov<\/italic>.","volume":"55","author":"PN Levett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63783-0","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira broomii sp. nov.<\/italic>, isolated from humans with leptospirosis.","volume":"56","author":"PN Levett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.24.3.484-486.1986","article-title":"Newly recognized <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species (\u201c<italic>Leptospira inadai<\/italic>\u201d serovar lyme) isolated from human skin.","volume":"24","author":"GP Schmid","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"297","article-title":"Leptospirosis en el ganado y matarifes de Tumbes, Peru.","volume":"70","author":"DJ Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1968","journal-title":"Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"297","article-title":"[Leptospirosis in cattle and slaughtermen of Tumbes, Peru].","volume":"68","author":"J Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"429","article-title":"[Leptospirosis in animals slaughtered in Chimbote, Peru].","volume":"70","author":"J Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"410","article-title":"Leptospirosis en San Martin, Peru.","author":"DJ Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1975"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"47","article-title":"[Leptospirosis in Tingo Maria, Huanuco Department, Peru. II. Study in wild animals].","volume":"91","author":"J Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"430","article-title":"[Leptospirosis in Tingo Maria, Department of Huanuco, Peru. I. Study on man and domestic animals].","volume":"90","author":"J Liceras de Hidalgo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804002328","article-title":"A unique strain of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> isolated from a patient with pulmonary haemorrhages in the Andaman Islands: a proposal of serovar portblairi of serogroup Sehgali.","volume":"132","author":"P Vijayacharit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1984.tb00706.x","article-title":"Chemical compositions of cell walls and polysaccharide fractions of spirochetes.","volume":"28","author":"YKK-I Yanagihara","year":"1984","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:41:43Z","timestamp":1588988503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000213"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,2]]}}}