{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:56:41Z","timestamp":1778914601760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]],"date-time":"2008-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T17:17:17Z","timestamp":1216747037000},"page":"e265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Acute Schistosoma mansoni Infection Increases Susceptibility to Systemic SHIV Clade C Infection in Rhesus Macaques after Mucosal Virus Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Agn\u00e8s-Laurence","family":"Chenine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ela","family":"Shai-Kobiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa N.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Augostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruijiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Autissier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth M.","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"AIDS Epidemic update: December 2006.","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/84564","article-title":"The natural history of HIV-1 infection in Africa.","volume":"7","author":"D Morgan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80119-7","article-title":"Immune activation is a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of African AIDS.","volume":"16","author":"Z Bentwich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030102","article-title":"Incorporating a rapid-impact package for neglected tropical diseases with programs for HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.","volume":"3","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronically immune-activated individuals.","volume":"12","author":"O Shapira-Nahor","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1086\/317623","article-title":"Filarial infections increase susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.","volume":"182","author":"R Gopinath","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000189857.51935.0b","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection promotes SHIV clade C replication in rhesus macaques.","volume":"19","author":"AL Chenine","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01703-06","article-title":"Coinfection with <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> reactivates viremia in rhesus macaques with chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus clade C infection.","volume":"75","author":"M Ayash-Rashkovsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1086\/497696","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 infection in rural Zimbabwe: effect of treatment of schistosomiasis on CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA load.","volume":"192","author":"P Kallestrup","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1086\/429668","article-title":"Treatment of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection increases helminth-specific type 2 cytokine responses and HIV-1 loads in coinfected Ugandan adults.","volume":"191","author":"M Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200011100-00004","article-title":"The effect of treatment of schistosomiasis on blood plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration in coinfected individuals.","volume":"14","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90040-X","article-title":"Associations between helminth infection and CD4+ T cell count, viral load and cytokine responses in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults.","volume":"97","author":"AM Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8729","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00558-06","article-title":"Molecularly cloned SHIV-1157ipd3N4: a highly replication-competent, mucosally transmissible R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding HIV clade C Env.","volume":"80","author":"RJ Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0703-847","article-title":"Transmission, acute HIV-1 infection and the quest for strategies to prevent infection.","volume":"9","author":"M Pope","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1089\/08892220050117014","article-title":"Sensitive and robust one-tube real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to quantify SIV RNA load: comparison of one- versus two-enzyme systems.","volume":"16","author":"R Hofmann-Lehmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1089\/088922202760019329","article-title":"Quantitation of simian cytokine and beta-chemokine mRNAs, using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction: variations in expression during chronic primate lentivirus infection.","volume":"18","author":"R Hofmann-Lehmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7581","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7581","article-title":"Statistical analysis of sparse infection data and its implications for retroviral treatment trials in primates.","volume":"89","author":"JL Spouge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes.","volume":"42","author":"SL Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.1333-1336.2005","article-title":"Older rhesus macaque infants are more susceptible to oral infection with simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P than neonates.","volume":"79","author":"AL Chenine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.5.1401","article-title":"Human memory T lymphocytes express increased levels of three cell adhesion molecules (LFA-3, CD2, and LFA-1) and three other molecules (UCHL1, CDw29, and Pgp-1) and have enhanced IFN-\u03b3 production.","volume":"140","author":"ME Sanders","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7892606","article-title":"Pathogenicity of live, attenuated SIV after mucosal infection of neonatal macaques.","volume":"267","author":"TW Baba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8023142","article-title":"Ability of HIV to promote a TH1 to TH0 shift and to replicate preferentially in TH2 and TH0 cells.","volume":"265","author":"E Maggi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302043280508","article-title":"New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"328","author":"G Pentaleo","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1086\/322783","article-title":"Cellular immune responses of schistosomiasis patients are altered by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection.","volume":"184","author":"PN Mwinzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.3.948","article-title":"Helminth infection results in decreased virus-specific CD8<sup>+<\/sup> cytotoxic T-cell and Th1 cytokine responses as well as delayed virus clearance.","volume":"90","author":"JK Actor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/3282338","article-title":"The exploitation of host immune responses by parasites.","volume":"73","author":"RT Damian","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1967.16.620","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> in <italic>Macaca mulatta<\/italic>. Long-term studies on the course of primary and challenge infections.","volume":"16","author":"DB McMullen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6668","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6668-6671.2003","article-title":"Increased density of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on the surfaces of CD4<sup>+<\/sup> T cells and monocytes of patients with <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection.","volume":"71","author":"WE Secor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro794","article-title":"The role of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission.","volume":"2","author":"SR Galvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60312-2","article-title":"Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"369","author":"RC Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60313-4","article-title":"Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial.","volume":"369","author":"RH Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T04:46:09Z","timestamp":1684471569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000265"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Bethony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000265","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1116887.572975","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,23]]}}}