{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:31:48Z","timestamp":1791351108716,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]],"date-time":"2009-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]],"date-time":"2009-06-08T22:36:08Z","timestamp":1244500568000},"page":"e452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Genetic Diversity of the Cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in Red Foxes at a Continental Scale in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Knapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Mathieu","family":"Bart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Giraudoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Glowatzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Breyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Raoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Deplazes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Duscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Martinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavol","family":"Dubinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Guislain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Cliquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Romig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Malczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gottstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Piarroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.08.008","article-title":"Infecting epidemiology with genetics: a new frontier in disease ecology.","volume":"24","author":"EA Archie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.03.009","article-title":"Spatial epidemiology: an emerging (or re-emerging) discipline.","volume":"20","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.11.011","article-title":"Wilderness in the city: the urbanization of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"20","author":"P Deplazes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061074","article-title":"Human alveolar echinococcosis after fox population increase, Switzerland.","volume":"13","author":"A Schweiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020341","article-title":"European echinococcosis registry: human alveolar echinococcosis, Europe, 1982\u20132000.","volume":"9","author":"P Kern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-006-0037-6","article-title":"Genetic structuring and differentiation of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> in Slovakia assessed by sequencing and isoenzyme studies.","volume":"43","author":"V Snabel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1310.061161","article-title":"Alveolar Echinococcosis, Lithuania.","volume":"13","author":"R Bruzinskaite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tpb.2008.05.001","article-title":"The neutral effective migration rate in a mainland-island context.","volume":"74","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theor Popul Biol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20745","article-title":"The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution.","volume":"30","author":"AR Templeton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001649","article-title":"Reduced genetic variability within coding and non-coding regions of the <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> genome.","volume":"115","author":"KL Haag","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2307\/3284359","article-title":"Limited range of genetic variation in <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"83","author":"H Rinder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(03)00070-4","article-title":"Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the tapeworm <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"3","author":"M Nakao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02107-06","article-title":"Assessment of microsatellite polymorphism for improving the spatial distribution tracking of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"45","author":"J Knapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.01.006","article-title":"EmsB, a tandem repeated multi-loci microsatellite, new tool to investigate the genetic diversity of <italic>Echinococccus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"6","author":"JM Bart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.02.010","article-title":"Genetic diversity of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> on a local scale.","volume":"8","author":"J Knapp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern.","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"245","article-title":"Diagnosis of the <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> infection in final hosts.","volume":"37","author":"P Deplazes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Parasitol"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Numerical Ecology, 2nd English edition","author":"P Legendre","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1214\/009053604000000823","article-title":"An approximately unbiased test of regions using multistep-multiscale bootstrap resampling.","volume":"32","author":"H Shimodaira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150290069913","article-title":"An approximately unbiased test of phylogenetic tree selection.","volume":"51","author":"H Shimodaira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"pvclust: Hierarchical Clustering with <italic>p<\/italic>-Values.","author":"R Suzuki","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Measuring Biological Diversity","author":"AE Magurran","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"EstimateS: Statistical Estimation of Species Richness and Shared Species from Samples, version 7.5.","author":"RK Colwell","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"209","article-title":"The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach.","volume":"27","author":"N Mantel","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"pgirmess: Miscellaneous Functions for Analysis and Displays of Ecological and Spatial Data.","author":"P Giraudoux","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/2410983","article-title":"Self-fertilization without genomic or population structuring in a parasitic tapeworm.","volume":"51","author":"AJ Lymbery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.09.010","article-title":"Microsatellite analysis reveals genetic structure of <italic>Leishmania tropica<\/italic>.","volume":"36","author":"JM Schwenkenbecher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.014","article-title":"Evidence for an increasing presence of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> in foxes in The Netherlands.","volume":"38","author":"K Takumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Multi-locus microsatellite analysis supports the hypothesis of an autochthonous focus of Echinococcus multilocularis in northern Italy.","author":"A Casulli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2007144299","article-title":"Fox faeces and vole distribution on a local range: ecological data in a parasitological perspective for <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"14","author":"MH Guislain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X08912384","article-title":"Ecological and biological factors involved in the transmission of <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic> in the French Ardennes.","volume":"82","author":"MH Guislain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"129","article-title":"Investigations on a Swiss area highly endemic for <italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/italic>.","volume":"37","author":"B Gottstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.559","article-title":"Water vole (<italic>Arvicola terrestris scherman<\/italic>) density as risk factor for human alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"61","author":"JF Viel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004359","article-title":"<italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/italic> strain typing in North Africa: comparison of eight nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragments.","volume":"128","author":"JM Bart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T19:52:26Z","timestamp":1558381946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Malcolm K.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,9]]}}}