{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:54:44Z","timestamp":1792212884148,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,27]],"date-time":"2009-07-27T22:14:07Z","timestamp":1248732847000},"page":"e491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["First-Line Therapy for Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Peru Using the TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod in Combination with Pentavalent Antimony"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00257530","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Cesar","family":"Miranda-Verastegui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GianFranco","family":"Tulliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa W.","family":"Gyorkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wessmark","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Llanos-Cuentas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Matlashewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90223-8","article-title":"The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.","volume":"95","author":"P Desjeux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67629-5","article-title":"Advances in leishmaniasis.","volume":"366","author":"H Murray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis (\u201cespundia\u201d Escomel, 1911).","volume":"80","author":"PD Marsden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70492-3","article-title":"New world cutaneous leishmaniasis in travelers.","volume":"6","author":"E Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006","article-title":"Drug resistance in leishmaniasis.","volume":"19","author":"S Croft","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1086\/524042","article-title":"Clinical and parasite species risk factors for pentavalent antimony treatment failure in cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru.","volume":"46","author":"A Llanos-Cuentas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2185-2197.2001","article-title":"Clinical and experimental advances in treatment in visceral leishmaniasis.","volume":"45","author":"H Murray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/ni758","article-title":"Small anti-viral compounds activate cells via TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.","volume":"3","author":"H Hemmi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.6.5.835","article-title":"Resiquimod and other immune response modifiers as vaccine adjuvants.","volume":"6","author":"M Tomai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1086\/314782","article-title":"Treatment of experimental leishmaniasis with the immunomodulators, imiquimod and S-28463: efficacy and mode of action.","volume":"179","author":"S Buates","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1086\/429238","article-title":"Randomized, double blind clinical trial of topical treatment 5% imiquimod (Aldara\u2122) with parental meglumine antimonate (Glucantime\u2122) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Peru.","volume":"40","author":"C Miranda-Ver\u00e1stegui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.312","article-title":"Geographic distribution and clinical description of leishmaniasis cases in Peru.","volume":"59","author":"C Lucas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1086\/500326","article-title":"Development of a genetic assay based on isoenzyme differences to distinguish between <italic>Leishmania (Viannia)<\/italic> species.","volume":"42","author":"W-W Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.08.004","article-title":"Typing for four genetic loci discriminates among closely related species of New World Leishmania.","volume":"39","author":"P Tsukayama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057964","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Peruvian Andes: an epidemiological study of infection and immunity.","volume":"114","author":"C Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90031-9","article-title":"Direct identification of Leishmania species in biopsies from from patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis.","volume":"97","author":"K Victoir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1086\/518172","article-title":"Role of imiquimod and parental meglumine antimoniate in the initial treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"44","author":"I Arevalo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1086\/324161","article-title":"Successful treatment of drug-resistant cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans by using imiquimod, an immunomodulator.","volume":"33","author":"I Arevalo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01527-07","article-title":"Immunization with Toll-like receptor 7\/8 agonist vaccine adjuvants increases protective immunity against <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> in BALB\/c mice.","volume":"76","author":"W-W Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01955.x","article-title":"Transient effect of topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with imiquimod.","volume":"42","author":"J Seeberger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inter J Dematol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1137-1142.2001","article-title":"Identification of genes induced by a macrophage activator, S-28463, using gene expression array analysis.","volume":"45","author":"S Buates","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.12.1575","article-title":"Imiquimod in combination with meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized assessor-blind control trial.","volume":"142","author":"A Firooz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Dematol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.481","article-title":"Comparative study of the efficacy of combined imiquimod 5% cream and intralesion meglumine antimoniate alone for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.","volume":"52:","author":"R Crawford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030162","article-title":"Unresponsiveness to glucantime treatment in Iranian cutaneous leishmaniasis due to drug resistant <italic>Leishmania tropica<\/italic> parasites.","volume":"3","author":"R Hadighi","year":"2006","journal-title":"PloS Med"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T17:15:51Z","timestamp":1589044551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000491"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marleen","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000491","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]]}}}