{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:03:24Z","timestamp":1779393804509,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,14]],"date-time":"2009-12-14T18:12:52Z","timestamp":1260814372000},"page":"e565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Discrepant Prevalence and Incidence of Leishmania Infection between Two Neighboring Villages in Central Mali Based on Leishmanin Skin Test Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00344084","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ousmane","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souleymane S.","family":"Diarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moumine","family":"Cisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guimba","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koureissi","family":"Tall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheick A.","family":"Coulibaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibiry","family":"Samake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Sissoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bourama","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daouda","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somita","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick M.","family":"Fairhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus G.","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaden","family":"Kamhawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1086\/382077","article-title":"Combating tropical infectious diseases: report of the Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries Project.","volume":"38","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100088","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.","volume":"190","author":"S Sundar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.008","article-title":"Leishmaniasis\u2013current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs.","volume":"19","author":"SL Croft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1031","article-title":"[Chronicle of cutaneous leishmaniasis in West Africa. The problem of the vector.].","volume":"54","author":"M Lariviere","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique et de ses filiales"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"216","article-title":"Leishmanin skin sensitivity in Timbuctoo.","volume":"72","author":"PJ Imperato","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(69)90152-7","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the Republic of Mali.","volume":"63","author":"PJ Imperato","year":"1969","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"260","article-title":"Leishmanin skin sensitivity in northwestern Mali.","volume":"27","author":"PJ Imperato","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"132","article-title":"POsitive leishmanin skin sensitivity in the absence of clinical leishmaniasis.","volume":"76","author":"PJ Imperato","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"303","article-title":"Leishmanin skin sensitivity in the inland delta of the Niger.","volume":"26","author":"PJ Imperato","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/198560193","article-title":"[Presence of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914 in Mali. Enzymatic identification of a strain of human origin].","volume":"60","author":"JP Garin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1989646510","article-title":"[Presence of Leishmania major MON-26 in Mali].","volume":"64","author":"MA Izri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiologie et polymorphisme clinique de la leishmaniose cutanee observee au CNAM (ex-Institut Marchoux) Bamako (Mali).","volume":"XVIII","author":"FO Keita S","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mali M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02336.x","article-title":"Geographical distribution and epidemiological features of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis foci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 1048 strains.","volume":"14","author":"F Pratlong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197509042931013","article-title":"Editorial: Measurement of delayed skin-test responses.","volume":"293","author":"JE Sokal","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995","article-title":"A spatial scan statistic.","volume":"26","author":"M Kulldorff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90637-8","article-title":"Delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte proliferation in response to Leishmania major infection in a group of children in Jericho.","volume":"83","author":"R Alvarado","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.260","article-title":"Leishmanin skin test standardization and evaluation of safety, dose, storage, longevity of reaction and sensitization.","volume":"44","author":"KA Weigle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.699","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a longitudinal study of the natural history, prevalence, and incidence of infection and clinical manifestations.","volume":"168","author":"KA Weigle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00844.x","article-title":"Leishmanin skin test lymphoproliferative responses and cytokine production after symptomatic or asymptomatic Leishmania major infection in Tunisia.","volume":"116","author":"A Sassi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Africa in History","author":"B Davidson","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The Bamana Empire by the Niger: Kingdom, Jihad and Colonization 1712\u20131920","author":"SAK Djata","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00041-7","article-title":"Leishmaniasis reservoirs and their significance in control.","volume":"14","author":"RW Ashford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90006-3","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kenya: transmission of Leishmania major to man by the bite of a naturally infected Phlebotomus duboscqi.","volume":"78","author":"R Beach","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90399-B","article-title":"Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) duboscqi (Diptera: Phlebotominae), naturally infected with Leishmania major in southern Ethiopia.","volume":"87","author":"T Gebre-Michael","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.31","article-title":"Development of Leishmania major in Phlebotomus duboscqi and Sergentomyia schwetzi (Diptera: Psychodidae).","volume":"43","author":"PG Lawyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813427","article-title":"Vector potential of Phlebotomus duboscqi and P. papatasi: a comparison of feeding behaviour, reproductive capacity and experimental infection with Leishmania major.","volume":"93","author":"J Mukhopadhyay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-226","article-title":"High degree of conservancy among secreted salivary gland proteins from two geographically distant Phlebotomus duboscqi sandflies populations (Mali and Kenya).","volume":"7","author":"H Kato","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T10:10:04Z","timestamp":1558692604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000565"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hechmi","family":"Louzir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000565","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]}}}