{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:34:03Z","timestamp":1791304443811,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288051200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]],"date-time":"2010-10-26T19:30:41Z","timestamp":1288121441000},"page":"e857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Transcriptional Responses of Leptospira interrogans to Host Innate Immunity: Significant Changes in Metabolism, Oxygen Tolerance, and Outer Membrane"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Feng","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Troxell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X. Frank","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance.","volume":"3","author":"AR Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis.","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01597","article-title":"Unique physiological and pathogenic features of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> revealed by whole-genome sequencing.","volume":"422","author":"SX Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.7.2164-2172.2004","article-title":"Comparative genomics of two <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.","volume":"186","author":"AL Nascimento","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603979103","article-title":"Genome reduction in <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> reflects limited transmission potential.","volume":"103","author":"DM Bulach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1607","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001607","article-title":"Genome sequence of the saprophyte <italic>Leptospira biflexa<\/italic> provides insights into the evolution of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.","volume":"3","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.12.007","article-title":"Evolution and pathogenesis of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp.: lessons learned from the genomes.","volume":"11","author":"F Xue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic>: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen.","volume":"7","author":"A Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00989-08","article-title":"Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species: disruption of the LigB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis.","volume":"76","author":"J Croda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01370-08","article-title":"Major surface protein LipL32 is not required for either acute or chronic infection with <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"77","author":"GL Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2004000400003","article-title":"Genome features of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Copenhageni.","volume":"37","author":"AL Nascimento","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5848","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00755-06","article-title":"Effects of temperature on gene expression patterns in <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Lai as assessed by whole-genome microarrays.","volume":"74","author":"M Lo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-6-51","article-title":"Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of temperature shift in <italic>L. interrogans<\/italic> serovar lai strain 56601.","volume":"6","author":"JH Qin","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01619-06","article-title":"Response of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> to physiologic osmolarity: relevance in signaling the environment-to-host transition.","volume":"75","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-31","article-title":"Global transcriptomic response of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Copenhageni upon exposure to serum.","volume":"10","author":"K Patarakul","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01635-06","article-title":"Physiological osmotic induction of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen.","volume":"75","author":"HA Choy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00741-06","article-title":"Characterization of the outer membrane proteome of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> expressed during acute lethal infection.","volume":"75","author":"JE Nally","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4952","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00511-08","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> shed in urine of chronically infected hosts.","volume":"76","author":"AM Monahan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"409","article-title":"Studies on the interaction between macrophages and leptospires.","volume":"124","author":"M Cinco","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.46.3.809-813.1984","article-title":"Role of specific antibody in interaction of leptospires with human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.","volume":"46","author":"B Wang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.2.729-738.1997","article-title":"Invasion of Vero cells and induction of apoptosis in macrophages by pathogenic <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> are correlated with virulence.","volume":"65","author":"F Merien","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00914-08","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> induces apoptosis in macrophages via caspase-8- and caspase-3-dependent pathways.","volume":"77","author":"D Jin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425909105580","article-title":"Replication or death: distinct fates of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> strain Lai within macrophages of human or mouse origin.","volume":"16","author":"S Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000463","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> stably infects zebrafish embryos, altering phagocyte behavior and homing to specific tissues.","volume":"3","author":"JM Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.07.1458","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar bratislava from sows in Iowa.","volume":"47","author":"WA Ellis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"Unit 12E 11","article-title":"Laboratory maintenance of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>.","volume":"12","author":"RL Zuerner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol Chapter"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.112318199","article-title":"Global analysis of mRNA decay and abundance in <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> at single-gene resolution using two-color fluorescent DNA microarrays.","volume":"99","author":"J Bernstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-007-0280-3","article-title":"Comparison of invasion of fibroblasts and macrophages by high- and low-virulence <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> strains: colonization of the host-cell nucleus and induction of necrosis by the virulent strain.","volume":"188","author":"L Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2311-2318.2002","article-title":"Global analysis of outer membrane proteins from <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Lai.","volume":"70","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14863","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14863","article-title":"Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns.","volume":"95","author":"MB Eisen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W116","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki442","article-title":"InterProScan: protein domains identifier.","volume":"33","author":"E Quevillon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0.","volume":"24","author":"K Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6071","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006071","article-title":"A comprehensive approach to identification of surface-exposed, outer membrane-spanning proteins of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"4","author":"M Pinne","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.6.2322-2330.1996","article-title":"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding LipL41, a surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species.","volume":"64","author":"ES Shang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4936-4945.2002","article-title":"Characterization of the leptospiral outer membrane and description of three novel leptospiral membrane proteins.","volume":"70","author":"DA Haake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.13.4225-4234.1993","article-title":"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding OmpL1, a transmembrane outer membrane protein of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp.","volume":"175","author":"DA Haake","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6572","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6572-6582.1999","article-title":"Leptospiral outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 exhibit synergistic immunoprotection.","volume":"67","author":"D Haake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.2276-2285.2000","article-title":"The leptospiral major outer membrane protein LipL32 is a lipoprotein expressed during mammalian infection.","volume":"68","author":"DA Haake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4853-4863.2005","article-title":"Surfaceome of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp.","volume":"73","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06204.x","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species.","volume":"68","author":"JA Boylan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.3.14.2556311","article-title":"Bacterial adaptation to oxidative stress: implications for pathogenesis and interaction with phagocytic cells.","volume":"3","author":"DJ Hassett","year":"1989","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00321-6","article-title":"Probing the structure of catalase HPII of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>\u2013a review.","volume":"179","author":"P Loewen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7172","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.7172-7175.2002","article-title":"Leptospires are killed in vitro by both oxygen-dependent and -independent reactions.","volume":"70","author":"R Murgia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e560","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000560","article-title":"Comparative transcriptional and translational analysis of leptospiral outer membrane protein expression in response to temperature.","volume":"3","author":"M Lo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.36.041602.134359","article-title":"Genetics of motility and chemotaxis of a fascinating group of bacteria: The spirochetes.","volume":"36","author":"NW Charon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Genetics"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/86354","article-title":"Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism.","volume":"2","author":"C Werts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25420","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400598200","article-title":"A methylated phosphate group and four amide-linked acyl chains in <italic>Lleptospira interrogans<\/italic> lipid A. The membrane anchor of an unusual lipopolysaccharide that activates TLR2.","volume":"279","author":"NL Que-Gewirth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3251-3260.2005","article-title":"Changes in lipopolysaccharide O antigen distinguish acute versus chronic <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> infections.","volume":"73","author":"JE Nally","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.315-322.2002","article-title":"Cytotoxic activities of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> hemolysin SphH as a pore-forming protein on mammalian cells.","volume":"70","author":"SH Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2005.00075.x","article-title":"Identification and classification of all potential hemolysin encoding genes and their products from <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai.","volume":"26","author":"YX Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.742-749.2004","article-title":"Host-inducible immunogenic sphingomyelinase-like protein, Lk73.5, of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"72","author":"S Artiushin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007948-0","article-title":"Osmotic regulation of expression of two extracellular matrix-binding proteins and a haemolysin of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>: differential effects on LigA and Sph2 extracellular release.","volume":"153","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.03.050","article-title":"Leptospiral TlyC is an extracellular matrix-binding protein and does not present hemolysin activity.","volume":"583","author":"C Eneas","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS letters"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808352105","article-title":"Bioinformatics identification of MurJ (MviN) as the peptidoglycan lipid II flippase in <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>.","volume":"105","author":"N Ruiz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4181","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004181","article-title":"Serum activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase is a potential clinical marker for leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage.","volume":"4","author":"JW Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03589.x","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. possess a complete haem biosynthetic pathway and are able to use exogenous haem sources.","volume":"49","author":"R Guegan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7893","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00711-06","article-title":"Comparative and functional genomic analyses of iron transport and regulation in <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp.","volume":"188","author":"H Louvel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00324-07","article-title":"Expression and characterization of an iron-regulated hemin-binding protein, HbpA, from <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Lai.","volume":"75","author":"S Asuthkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.04.010","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> requires a functional heme oxygenase to scavenge iron from hemoglobin.","volume":"10","author":"GL Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.014","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> requires heme oxygenase for disease pathogenesis.","volume":"11","author":"GL Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2003.10.004","article-title":"Outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes.","volume":"28","author":"PA Cullen","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030097","article-title":"The OmpA-like protein Loa22 is essential for leptospiral virulence.","volume":"3","author":"P Ristow","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.052","article-title":"Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing the LipL32 antigen of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> protects hamsters from challenge.","volume":"26","author":"FK Seixas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic> immunoglobulin-like proteins as a serodiagnostic marker for acute leptospirosis.","volume":"45","author":"J Croda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-223","article-title":"Characterization of the ompL1 gene of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species in China and cross-immunogenicity of the OmpL1 protein.","volume":"8","author":"H Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.008","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> immunoglobulin-like protein B (rLigB) in a hamster challenge model.","volume":"11","author":"W Yan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.089","article-title":"Protein typing of major outer membrane lipoproteins from Chinese pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. and characterization of their immunogenicity.","volume":"28","author":"D Luo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28317-0","article-title":"Lipoprotein computational prediction in spirochaetal genomes.","volume":"152","author":"JC Setubal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-181","article-title":"Genome-wide subcellular localization of putative outer membrane and extracellular proteins in <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Lai genome using bioinformatics approaches.","volume":"9","author":"W Viratyosin","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.5924-5930.2002","article-title":"Cloning and molecular characterization of an immunogenic LigA protein of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"70","author":"RU Palaniappan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.009175-0","article-title":"Distribution of the Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) genes in pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. and application of ligB to typing leptospiral isolates.","volume":"58","author":"GM Cerqueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25140","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M801350200","article-title":"Calcium binds to leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein, LigB, and modulates fibronectin binding.","volume":"283","author":"YP Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.70-78.2005","article-title":"Osmolarity, a key environmental signal controlling expression of leptospiral proteins LigA and LigB and the extracellular release of LigA.","volume":"73","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.400-404.2001","article-title":"Temperature-regulated protein synthesis by <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"69","author":"JE Nally","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2006.11.002","article-title":"NF-kB activation and p38 phosphorilation in microglial cells infected with <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> or exposed to partially purified leptospiral lipoproteins.","volume":"42","author":"E Blasi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12724","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231442498","article-title":"Expression of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> OspC and DbpA is controlled by a RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway.","volume":"98","author":"A Hubner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D401","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp940","article-title":"The MiST2 database: a comprehensive genomics resource on microbial signal transduction.","volume":"38","author":"LE Ulrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00681.x","article-title":"Signal transduction and gene regulation through the phosphorylation of two regulatory components: the molecular basis for the osmotic regulation of the porin genes.","volume":"4","author":"T Mizuno","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref79","first-page":"908","article-title":"The critical role of DNA in the equilibrium between OmpR and phosphorylated OmpR mediated by EnvZ in <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>.","volume":"98","author":"L Qin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt728","article-title":"Previously unrecognized vaccine candidates against group B meningococcus identified by DNA microarrays.","volume":"20","author":"R Grifantini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00866-07","article-title":"Global transcriptome analysis of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> during association with human neuroglial cells.","volume":"76","author":"JA Livengood","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00974-07","article-title":"Global transcriptional profile of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic> during THP-1 human macrophage infection.","volume":"76","author":"P Fontan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011870","article-title":"An immune evasion mechanism for spirochetal persistence in Lyme borreliosis.","volume":"195","author":"FT Liang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3419-3428.2003","article-title":"Antigenic composition of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> during infection of SCID mice.","volume":"71","author":"TR Crother","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06945.x","article-title":"BosR (BB0647) governs virulence expression in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>.","volume":"74","author":"Z Ouyang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08184","article-title":"Proteome-wide cellular protein concentrations of the human pathogen <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>.","volume":"460","author":"J Malmstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000857","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T07:57:16Z","timestamp":1740643036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000857"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sharon J.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000857","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,26]]}}}