{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:44:51Z","timestamp":1791114291422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338249600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T17:19:28Z","timestamp":1338311968000},"page":"e1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Leptospirosis in American Samoa \u2013 Estimating and Mapping Risk Using Environmental Data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Colleen L.","family":"Lau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archie C. A.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Skelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette J.","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee D.","family":"Smythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Leptospirosis: an emerging public health problem.","volume":"86","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance.","volume":"3","author":"AR Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.07.002","article-title":"Climate change, flooding, urbanisation and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire?","volume":"104","author":"CL Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03474.x","article-title":"Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world.","volume":"17","author":"RA Hartskeerl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2009.12.002","article-title":"Leptospirosis: An emerging disease in travellers.","volume":"8","author":"C Lau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12851868779867","article-title":"Emerging tropical diseases in Australia. Part 1. Leptospirosis.","volume":"104","author":"SM Tulsiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000228","article-title":"Impact of environment and social gradient on leptospira infection in urban slums.","volume":"2","author":"RB Reis","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000700014","article-title":"The place behind the case: leptospirosis risks and associated environmental conditions in a flood-related outbreak in Rio de Janeiro.","volume":"17","author":"C Barcellos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09575","article-title":"Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.","volume":"468","author":"F Keesing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.05.009","article-title":"Biodiversity and leptospirosis risk: a case of pathogen regulation?","volume":"77","author":"BT Derne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (LERG).","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-147","article-title":"Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific Region.","volume":"9","author":"AF Victoriano","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.02.022","article-title":"Multicentre survey of incidence and public health impact of leptospirosis in the Western Pacific.","volume":"101","author":"A Berlioz-Arthaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.101109","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Hawaii, USA, 1999\u20132008.","volume":"17","author":"AR Katz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Report of the second meeting of the Leptospirosis Burden Epidmiology Reference Group.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02310.x","article-title":"Outbreak of leptospirosis in New Caledonia: diagnosis issues and burden of disease.","volume":"14","author":"C Goarant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"186","article-title":"A leptospirosis outbreak on Guam associated with an athletic event.","volume":"9","author":"RL Haddock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pac Health Dialog"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.882","article-title":"Leptospirosis on Oahu: an outbreak associated with flooding of a university campus.","volume":"76","author":"K Gaynor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01594.x","article-title":"Bayesian spatial analysis and disease mapping: tools to enhance planning and implementation of a schistosomiasis control programme in Tanzania.","volume":"11","author":"AC Clements","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-150","article-title":"Baseline spatial distribution of malaria prior to an elimination programme in Vanuatu.","volume":"9","author":"H Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0154","article-title":"Mapping malaria risk in Bangladesh using Bayesian geostatistical models.","volume":"83","author":"H Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060051","article-title":"Spatial epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, Afghanistan.","volume":"12","author":"S Brooker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-159","article-title":"Spatial prediction of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in Somalia.","volume":"7","author":"AM Noor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000799","article-title":"Targeting trachoma control through risk mapping: the example of Southern Sudan.","volume":"4","author":"AC Clements","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0600","article-title":"Spatial risk assessment of Rift Valley fever in Senegal.","volume":"7","author":"AC Clements","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0398","article-title":"Leptospirosis in American Samoa 2010 \u2014 Epidemiology, Environmental Drivers, and the Management of Emergence.","volume":"86","author":"C Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-19","article-title":"Emergence of new leptospiral serovars in American Samoa \u2014 ascertainment or ecological change?","volume":"12","author":"C Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00046a","article-title":"Environmental monitoring to enhance comprehension and control of infectious diseases.","volume":"12","author":"S Carver","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Environ Monit"},{"key":"ref30","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Digital elevation models of Pago Pago, American Samoa: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis","author":"E Lim","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Vegetation Mapping of American Samoa. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service","author":"Z Liu","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Piggery Compliance.","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"SaTScan (TM) v7.03: Software for the Spatial and Space-Time Scan Statistics.","author":"M Kulldorff","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02223-1","article-title":"Tools from ecology: useful for evaluating infection risk models?","volume":"18","author":"S Brooker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","article-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000154","article-title":"Household transmission of leptospira infection in urban slum communities.","volume":"2","author":"EA Maciel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.3.583","article-title":"Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean).","volume":"28","author":"P Bovet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"283","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal analysis on leptospirosis in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 1998 to 2006.","volume":"44","author":"TS Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista de saude publica"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.04.028","article-title":"Survival of a pathogenic Leptospira serovar in response to combined in vitro pH and temperature stresses.","volume":"152","author":"J Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Leptospirosis: A Seroprevalence Survey on American Samoa.","author":"K Winger","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"6","article-title":"Incidence of Dog Bite Injuries in American Samoa and Their Impact on Society.","volume":"71","author":"D Vargo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hawai'i J Med Pub Health"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T02:38:54Z","timestamp":1561775934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001669"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001669","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]}}}