{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:22:25Z","timestamp":1793812945469,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T21:15:32Z","timestamp":1351804532000},"page":"e1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Accuracy of a Dual Path Platform (DPP) Assay for the Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Human Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Nabity","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme S.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lessa Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alcin\u00e9ia Oliveira","family":"Dami\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 H. O.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dem\u00f3crito B.","family":"Miranda-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rena","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javan","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin P.","family":"Lyashchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitermayer G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Leptospirosis worldwide","volume":"74","year":"1999","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.011","article-title":"The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends","volume":"12","author":"G Pappas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.605","article-title":"Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic","volume":"66","author":"U Sarkar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.07.005","article-title":"Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from an urban setting highly endemic for leptospirosis in Brazil","volume":"108","author":"MT de Faria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000228","article-title":"Impact of environment and social gradient on Leptospira infection in urban slums","volume":"2","author":"RB Reis","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822007000500002","article-title":"Factors associated with Leptospira sp infection in a large urban center in northeastern Brazil","volume":"40","author":"JP Dias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.071064","article-title":"Leptospirosis-associated severe pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome, Salvador, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"EL Gouveia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-100-5-696","article-title":"Doxycycline therapy for leptospirosis","volume":"100","author":"JB McClain","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annals of internal medicine"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91230-5","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of intravenous penicillin for severe and late leptospirosis","volume":"1","author":"G Watt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.657","article-title":"Referral pattern of leptospirosis cases during a large urban epidemic of dengue","volume":"65","author":"B Flannery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0241","article-title":"Underrecognition of leptospirosis during a dengue fever outbreak in Hawaii, 2001\u20132002","volume":"8","author":"T Ellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"WHO (2003) Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P editor (1999) Leptospira and Leptospirosis. 2nd ed. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016236","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of real-time PCR assays targeting 16S rRNA and lipL32 genes for human leptospirosis in Thailand: a case-control study","volume":"6","author":"J Thaipadungpanit","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2005.07.015","article-title":"Evaluation of MAT, IgM ELISA and PCR methods for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"65","author":"MC Ooteman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of microbiological methods"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00217-07","article-title":"Evaluation of four whole-cell Leptospira-based serological tests for diagnosis of urban leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"AJ McBride","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00525.x","article-title":"International multi-centre evaluation of a dipstick assay for human leptospirosis","volume":"5","author":"HL Smits","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1464-1469.2002","article-title":"Evaluation of eight rapid screening tests for acute leptospirosis in Hawaii","volume":"40","author":"PV Effler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.2.803-809.2003","article-title":"Evaluation of four commercially available rapid serologic tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"41","author":"MD Bajani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.1.166-169.2001","article-title":"Lateral-flow assay for rapid serodiagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"8","author":"HL Smits","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3138-3142.1998","article-title":"Macroscopic agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of human leptospirosis","volume":"36","author":"AP Brandao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"395","article-title":"Evaluation of the one-point microcapsule agglutination test for diagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"72","author":"Y Arimitsu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1853-1855.2006","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercial latex agglutination assay for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"44","author":"C Hull-Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02344-06","article-title":"Leptospira immunoglobulin-like proteins as a serodiagnostic marker for acute leptospirosis","volume":"45","author":"J Croda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.05.053","article-title":"The terminal portion of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein LigA confers protective immunity against lethal infection in the hamster model of leptospirosis","volume":"25","author":"EF Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03619.x","article-title":"Pathogenic Leptospira species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"49","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular microbiology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.10.012","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) genes in pathogenic Leptospira spp","volume":"9","author":"AJ McBride","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.70-78.2005","article-title":"Osmolarity, a key environmental signal controlling expression of leptospiral proteins LigA and LigB and the extracellular release of LigA","volume":"73","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/007948-0","article-title":"Osmotic regulation of expression of two extracellular matrix-binding proteins and a haemolysin of Leptospira interrogans: differential effects on LigA and Sph2 extracellular release","volume":"153","author":"J Matsunaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01635-06","article-title":"Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen","volume":"75","author":"HA Choy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-129","article-title":"Heterologous expression of pathogen-specific genes ligA and ligB in the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa confers enhanced adhesion to cultured cells and fibronectin","volume":"11","author":"CP Figueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC microbiology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016879","article-title":"The multifunctional LigB adhesin binds homeostatic proteins with potential roles in cutaneous infection by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans","volume":"6","author":"HA Choy","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011301","article-title":"The terminal immunoglobulin-like repeats of LigA and LigB of Leptospira enhance their binding to gelatin binding domain of fibronectin and host cells","volume":"5","author":"YP Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00624-10","article-title":"Novel point-of-care test for simultaneous detection of nontreponemal and treponemal antibodies in patients with syphilis","volume":"48","author":"AR Castro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00010","article-title":"Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD Initiative","volume":"138","author":"PM Bossuyt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80012-9","article-title":"Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group","volume":"354","author":"AI Ko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Brasil Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2010) Indicadores e Dados B\u00e1sicos para a Sa\u00fade - Brasil. Bras\u00edlia, Brasil: Brasil Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Summary of notifiable diseases, United States,1994","volume":"43","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"341","article-title":"Phylogenetic foundation of spirochetes","volume":"2","author":"BJ Paster","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.05.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the EIE-IgM-Leptospirose assay for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis","volume":"102","author":"AJ McBride","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.8.1938-1942.1997","article-title":"Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin M antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection","volume":"35","author":"WE Winslow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1997) Principles and procedures of statistics : a biometrical approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. 666 p."},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652002000200005","article-title":"Leptospirosis severity may be associated with the intensity of humoral immune response","volume":"44","author":"RC Abdulkader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00352.x","article-title":"Field evaluation of a one-step dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis in the Seychelles","volume":"4","author":"C Yersin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-11-4-387","article-title":"The antibodies involved in the human immune response to leptospiral infection","volume":"11","author":"B Adler","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2004.08.019","article-title":"Mild leptospirosis with three-year persistence of IgG- and IgM-antibodies, initially manifesting as carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"51","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of infection"},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Fool&apos;s gold: why imperfect reference tests are undermining the evaluation of novel diagnostics. A re-evaluation of five diagnostic tests for leptospirosis","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"377","article-title":"ELISA for the detection of specific IgM and IgG in human leptospirosis","volume":"131","author":"WJ Terpstra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of general microbiology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.450-452.2000","article-title":"A clonal subpopulation of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto is the major cause of leptospirosis outbreaks in Brazil","volume":"38","author":"MM Pereira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T19:51:06Z","timestamp":1643572266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sheila","family":"Lukehart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001878","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}}}