{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:23:10Z","timestamp":1777450990991,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T22:05:00Z","timestamp":1353017100000},"page":"e1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Population Genetic Structuring in Opisthorchis viverrini over Various Spatial Scales in Thailand and Lao PDR"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nonglak","family":"Laoprom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paiboon","family":"Sithithaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross H.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thewarach","family":"Laha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sirawut","family":"Klinbunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne P.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor N.","family":"Petney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.08.014","article-title":"The current status of opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis in the Mekong Basin","volume":"61","author":"P Sithithaworn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.07.006","article-title":"Opisthorchiasis and Opisthorchis-associated cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand and Laos","volume":"120 Suppl 1","author":"B Sripa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of food borne trematode infections","volume":"849","year":"1995","journal-title":"WHO Technical Report Series"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.08.011","article-title":"<italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic>: an underestimated parasite in world health","volume":"24","author":"RH Andrews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.02.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic>","volume":"88","author":"P Sithithaworn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"IARC (2011) IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer. 475 p."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282fbf9b3","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: lessons from Thailand","volume":"24","author":"B Sripa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Khuhaprema T, Srivatanakul P (2007) Liver and Bile Duct. In: Khuhaprema T, Srivatanakul P, Wiangnon S, Sumitsawan Y, Attasara P, editors. Cancer in Thailand Vol IV, 1998\u20132000. Bangkok: Bangkok Medical Publisher. pp. 36\u201338."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.12.008","article-title":"Evidence of a species complex within the food-borne trematode <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic> and possible co-evolution with their first intermediate hosts","volume":"37","author":"W Saijuntha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2116.1","article-title":"Biological variation within <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato<\/italic> in Thailand and Lao PDR","volume":"95","author":"N Laoprom","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009006441","article-title":"Impact of temporal changes and host factors on the genetic structure of a population of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato<\/italic> in Khon Kaen Province (Thailand)","volume":"136","author":"W Saijuntha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.07.020","article-title":"The systematics and population genetics of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato<\/italic>: Implications in parasite epidemiology and bile duct cancer","volume":"61","author":"P Sithithaworn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.11.005","article-title":"Microsatellite loci in the carcinogenic liver fluke, <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic> and their application as population genetic markers","volume":"10","author":"N Laoprom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"125","article-title":"Seasonal variation of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic> infection in cyprinoid fish in north-east Thailand: implications for parasite control and food safety","volume":"75","author":"P Sithithaworn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.07.007","article-title":"Hepatobiliary changes, antibody response, and alteration of liver enzymes in hamsters re-infected with <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic>","volume":"108","author":"S Pinlaor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2307\/2532296","article-title":"Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles","volume":"48","author":"SW Guo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nei M (1987) Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. New York.: Columbia University Press. 512 p.","DOI":"10.7312\/nei-92038"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data","volume":"17","author":"C van Oosterhout","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1996.tb00336.x","article-title":"A simple new method for estimating null allele frequency from heterozygote deficiency","volume":"5","author":"JF Brookfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/140.4.1413","article-title":"Testing heterozygote excess and deficiency","volume":"140","author":"F Rousset","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.2307\/2408641","article-title":"Estimation F-statistics for the analysis of population structure","volume":"38","author":"BS Weir","year":"1984","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Wright S (1978) Evolution and Genetics of Population. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 590 p."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Goudet J (2002) FSTAT: a computer program to calculate F statistics. Version 2.9.3.2. Department of Ecology &amp; Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2307\/2409177","article-title":"Analyzing tables of statistical tests","volume":"43","author":"WR Rice","year":"1989","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Kiatsopit N (2012) An Examination of the Systematics, Population Genetic Structure and Biological Characteristics of the Liver Fluke (<italic>Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato<\/italic>) and its Intermediate Host, <italic>Bithynia<\/italic> Snails [Doctor of Philosophy Thesis in Parasitology]. Khon Kaen: Khon Kaen University. 197 p."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.01.002","article-title":"Opisthorchiasis control in Thailand","volume":"88","author":"P Jongsuksuntigul","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1231","article-title":"A pilot project for controlling <italic>O. viverrini<\/italic> infection in Nong Wai, Northeast Thailand, by applying praziquantel and other measures","volume":"34","author":"S Sornmani","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"63","article-title":"Clinical field trial of praziquantel in opisthorchiasis in Nong Rangya Village, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand","volume":"17","author":"C Viravan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Reductions in genetic diversity of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> populations under chemotherapeutic pressure: The effect of sampling approach and parasite population definition","author":"MD French","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.04.012","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> within human infrapopulations in Mwea, central Kenya assessed by microsatellite markers","volume":"111","author":"LE Agola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02443.x","article-title":"An insight into the genetic variation of <italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/italic> in mainland China using DNA microsatellite markers","volume":"14","author":"J Shrivastava","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00168-4","article-title":"Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis: a valuable technique for providing answers to problems in parasite systematics","volume":"29","author":"RH Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21146","article-title":"Genetic and environmental determinants of risk for cholangiocarcinoma via <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic> in a densely infested area in Nakhon Phanom, northeast Thailand","volume":"117","author":"S Honjo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2011.11.007","article-title":"Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk area of Thailand: Role of lifestyle, diet and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms","volume":"36","author":"N Songserm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040201","article-title":"Liver fluke induces cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"4","author":"B Sripa","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01234.x","article-title":"Prevalence of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic> infection and incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand","volume":"9","author":"S Sriamporn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1128-8","article-title":"Genetic variation at three enzyme loci within a Thailand population of <italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic>","volume":"103","author":"W Saijuntha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02587.x","article-title":"Molecular ecology of parasites: elucidating ecological and microevolutionary processes","volume":"14","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000722","article-title":"Population genetics of <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic>: development of novel microsatellite markers and their application to schistosomiasis control in Mali","volume":"138","author":"CM Gower","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000781","article-title":"Transmission of <italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/italic> in marshland and hilly regions of China: parasite population genetic and sibship structure","volume":"4","author":"DB Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2009.04181.x","article-title":"Parasite genetic differentiation by habitat type and host species: molecular epidemiology of <italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/italic> in hilly and marshland areas of Anhui Province, China","volume":"18","author":"JW Rudge","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1202-569","article-title":"Biological and biomedical implications of the co-evolution of pathogens and their hosts","volume":"32","author":"ME Woolhouse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000062600","article-title":"<italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/italic>: relationships between egg counts, worms recovered and antibody levels within an endemic community in northeast Thailand","volume":"102 Pt 2","author":"DB Elkins","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.10.011","article-title":"Diversity of human intestinal helminthiasis in Lao PDR","volume":"103","author":"S Sayasone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001685","article-title":"Development and application of an ethically and epidemiologically advantageous assay for the multi-locus microsatellite analysis of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"134","author":"CM Gower","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/29f19833-ad5d-44cd-bf23-808635000a92","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,21]],"date-time":"2012-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353456000000}}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T12:12:06Z","timestamp":1643631126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001906"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001906","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]]}}}