{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:09:33Z","timestamp":1771661373595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T20:57:13Z","timestamp":1370552233000},"page":"e2223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Intestinal Parasite Prevalence in an Area of Ethiopia after Implementing the SAFE Strategy, Enhanced Outreach Services, and Health Extension Program"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tekola","family":"Endeshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Escher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genetu","family":"Alemtaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sileabatt","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woyneshet","family":"Gelaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abebe","family":"Worku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitku","family":"Adugna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Melak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Teferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demelash","family":"Gesese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aryc W.","family":"Mosher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Utzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanspeter","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Ngondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Assembly (1998) WHA Resolution 51.11 Global elimination of blinding trachoma. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00603.x","article-title":"Review of the evidence base for the \u2018F\u2019 and \u2018E\u2019 components of the SAFE strategy for trachoma control","volume":"5","author":"PM Emerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00318.x","article-title":"Human and other faeces as breeding media of the trachoma vector <italic>Musca sorbens<\/italic>","volume":"15","author":"PM Emerson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90470-J","article-title":"Trachoma and water use; a case control study in a Gambian village","volume":"85","author":"R Bailey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.12.002","article-title":"The relationship between prevalence of active trachoma, water availability and its use in a Tanzanian village","volume":"100","author":"S Polack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"71","article-title":"Water availability and trachoma","volume":"67","author":"S West","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"United Nations Economic and Social Council (2006) UNICEF water, sanitation and hygiene strategies for 2006\u20132015. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/about\/execboard\/files\/06-6_WASH_final_ODS.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/about\/execboard\/files\/06-6_WASH_final_ODS.pdf<\/ext-link> (accessed: 20 Oct 2012)."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"United Nations (2010) MDG Report 2010. Available at: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/millenniumgoals\/pdf\/MDG%20Report%202010%20En%20r15%20-low%20res%2020100615%20-.pdf#page=60\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.un.org\/millenniumgoals\/pdf\/MDG%20Report%202010%20En%20r15%20-low%20res%2020100615%20-.pdf#page=60<\/ext-link> (accessed: 20 Oct 2012)."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000367","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000367","article-title":"Hygiene, sanitation, and water: forgotten foundations of health","volume":"7","author":"J Bartram","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001162","article-title":"Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"K Ziegelbauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor HR (2008) Trachoma: a blinding scourge from the bronze age to the twenty-first century. Melbourne: Haddington Press.","DOI":"10.1086\/597091"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2307\/3272014","article-title":"Early history, in part esoteric, of the hookworm (uncinariasis) campaign in our southern United States","volume":"25","author":"CW Stiles","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma","volume":"69","author":"SA Esrey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"105","article-title":"The epidemiology of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and soil-transmitted helminths in elementary school children from South Gondar Zone of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia","volume":"38","author":"L Jemaneh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Population Census Commission (2008) Population and housing census of Ethiopia 2007. Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czn015","article-title":"The cost of child health days: a case study of Ethiopia&apos;s enhanced outreach strategy (EOS)","volume":"23","author":"JL Fiedler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"UNICEF (2006) Multiple indictor cluster survey manual 2005. New York: United Nations Children&apos;s Fund."},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1473","article-title":"SAF \u2013 an alternative fixation solution for parasitological stool specimens","volume":"120","author":"H Marti","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001969","article-title":"An in-depth analysis of a piece of shit: distribution of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and hookworm eggs in human stool","volume":"6","author":"SJ Krauth","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02782.x","article-title":"Microscopic diagnosis of sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin-fixed stool samples for helminths and intestinal protozoa: a comparison among European reference laboratories","volume":"16","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000197","article-title":"Integrating an NTD with one of \u201cthe big three\u201d: combined malaria and trachoma survey in Amhara Region of Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"PM Emerson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.023","article-title":"Evaluation of three years of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement) for trachoma control in five districts of Ethiopia hyperendemic for trachoma","volume":"103","author":"J Ngondi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee","volume":"912","year":"2002","journal-title":"WHO Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (2012) Health extension program implementation guideline. Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60903-9","article-title":"Getting wet, clean and health: why households matter","volume":"380","author":"J Bartram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"8","article-title":"Enhanced outreach strategy\/targeted supplementary feeding for child survival in Ethiopia (EOS\/TSF)","volume":"40","author":"S Negash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Field Exchange"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.07.011","article-title":"Methods for estimating population coverage of mass distribution programmes: a review of practices in relation to trachoma control","volume":"106","author":"EA Cromwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tran R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0167","article-title":"Drug coverage surveys for neglected tropical diseases: 10 years of field experience","volume":"87","author":"C Worrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90144-Q","article-title":"Underestimation of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> prevalences","volume":"8","author":"SJ de Vlas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e331","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000331","article-title":"Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques","volume":"2","author":"S Knopp","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"N Katz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e2o Paulo"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000754","article-title":"Comparing diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate, ether-concentration, and FLOTAC for <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and soil-transmitted helminths","volume":"4","author":"D Glinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004128","article-title":"The influence of sampling effort and the performance of the Kato-Katz technique in diagnosing <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and hookworm co-infections in rural C\u00f4te d&apos;Ivoire","volume":"127","author":"M Booth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.009","article-title":"FLOTAC: a new sensitive technique for the diagnosis of hookworm infections in humans","volume":"102","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.013","article-title":"A single FLOTAC is more sensitive than triplicate Kato-Katz for the diagnosis of low-intensity soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"103","author":"S Knopp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"87","article-title":"Intestinal parasitoses in eight Liberian settlements: prevalences and community anthelminthic chemotherapy","volume":"31","author":"D St\u00fcrchler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Tropenmed Parasitol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-9.x","article-title":"The public and domestic domains in the transmission of disease","volume":"1","author":"S Cairncross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2009.09.002","article-title":"Estimation of population coverage for antibiotic distribution for trachoma control: a comparison of methods","volume":"1","author":"EA Cromwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Budge PJ, Anthony KA, Sognikin E, Akossa A, Mathieu E, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2011) Accuracy of coverage survey recall following an integrated MDA for lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. 60<sup>th<\/sup> Annual Meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Abstract no. 1574."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Hall A, Kassa T, Demissie T, Lee S (2007) A national survey of the health of school children in Ethiopia. Unpublished report by Save the Children for the Ethiopia Ministry of Health."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"WHO (2006) Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis: coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-37","article-title":"Persistent digestive disorders in the tropics: causative infectious pathogens and reference diagnostic tests","volume":"13","author":"SL Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0377","article-title":"Changing patterns of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Zanzibar in the context of national helminth control programs","volume":"81","author":"S Knopp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.04.011","article-title":"Control of <italic>Schistosoma mekongi<\/italic> in Cambodia: results of eight years of control activities in the two endemic provinces","volume":"101","author":"M Sinoun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.16.1937","article-title":"Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"299","author":"J Keiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991600","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and neglected tropical diseases: towards integrated and sustainable control and a word of caution","volume":"136","author":"J Utzinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001621","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"TW Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.005","article-title":"Potential for integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Ethiopia","volume":"102","author":"Z Tedesse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:01:10Z","timestamp":1588964470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002223"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]]}}}