{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:02:22Z","timestamp":1791295342491,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T22:44:41Z","timestamp":1371768281000},"page":"e2280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Housefly Population Density Correlates with Shigellosis among Children in Mirzapur, Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tamer H.","family":"Farag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu S.","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumon K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anowar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahnawaz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilruba","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilruba","family":"Nasrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Kotloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Panchilangam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Nataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Blackwelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myron M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/127.3.261","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Shigella dysenteriae 1 (Shiga) dysentery","volume":"127","author":"MM Levine","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126","article-title":"Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmission","volume":"159","author":"HL DuPont","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121195","article-title":"Shigellosis in custodial institutions","volume":"92","author":"HL DuPont","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.4.539","article-title":"Acute infectious diarrhea among children in day care: epidemiology and control","volume":"8","author":"LK Pickering","year":"1986","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"47","article-title":"Epidemiology of common-source outbreaks of shigellosis in the United States, 1961\u20131975","volume":"108","author":"RE Black","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92657-N","article-title":"Reduction of transmission of shigellosis by control of houseflies (Musca domestica)","volume":"337","author":"D Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.4.688","article-title":"Houseflies (Musca domestica) as mechanical vectors of shigellosis","volume":"13","author":"OS Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"55","article-title":"A summary of recent studies on house flies in Egypt","volume":"28","author":"RL Peffly","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Egyptian Publ Hlth Ass"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1978.11719291","article-title":"The role of non-biting flies in the transmission of enteric pathogens (Salmonella species and Shigella species) in Beirut, Lebanon","volume":"72","author":"SP Bidawid","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90071-1","article-title":"Contrasting epidemiology of shigellae dysenteriae and shigellae flexneri, Dacca","volume":"74","author":"M Khan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03366-2","article-title":"Impact of fly control on childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan: community-randomised trial","volume":"353","author":"DC Chavasse","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.46.1.32-36.1983","article-title":"Flies as a source of enteric pathogens in a rural village in Thailand","volume":"46","author":"P Echeverria","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400016211","article-title":"House flies as carriers of disease","volume":"9","author":"JT Nash","year":"1909","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2307\/4588424","article-title":"Effect of fly control on diarrheal disease in an area of moderate morbidity","volume":"68","author":"D Lindsay","year":"1953","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2307\/4586723","article-title":"Diarrheal disease control studies; effect of fly control in a high morbidity area","volume":"63","author":"J Watt","year":"1948","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Levine MM (2009) Limitations of \u201cone size interventions\u201d: risks and protective factors for transmission of diarrheal disease pathogens vary markedly among sites. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58th Annual Meeting."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis753","article-title":"The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) of Diarrheal Disease in Infants and Young Children in Developing Countries: Epidemiologic and Clinical Methods of the Case\/Control Study","volume":"55 Suppl 4","author":"KL Kotloff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S294","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis754","article-title":"Diagnostic Microbiologic Methods in the GEMS-1 Case\/Control Study","volume":"55 Suppl 4","author":"S Panchalingam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.01.010156.001543","article-title":"Nonbiting flies and disease","volume":"1","author":"D Lindsay","year":"1956","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"National Climatic Data Center (2013) Global Summary of the Day Dataset for Dhaka. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www7.ncdc.noaa.gov\/CDO\/cdogetsubquery.cmd\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www7.ncdc.noaa.gov\/CDO\/cdogetsubquery.cmd<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2000.10473895","article-title":"Transitional Regression Models, with Application to Environmental Time Series","volume":"95","author":"B Brumback","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Wei WWS. (2005) Time Series Analysis: Univariate and Multivariate Methods. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","article-title":"Estimating the dimension of a model","volume":"6","author":"G Schwarz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174","article-title":"Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data","volume":"122","author":"P Bruzzi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S246","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis788","article-title":"Statistical Methods in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)","volume":"55 Suppl 4","author":"WC Blackwelder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"614","article-title":"Bias and confidence in not quite large samples","volume":"29","author":"JW Tukey","year":"1958","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Rozendaal JA (1997) Houseflies. In: Vector control: Methods for use by individuals and communities. Geneva: World Health Organization. pp. 302\u2013323."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Bhunia AK (2008) Foodborne Microbial Pathogens. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 265 p."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.43.1.195-201.1984","article-title":"Temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in Shigella species","volume":"43","author":"AT Maurelli","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116134","article-title":"Epidemiologic patterns of acute diarrhea and endemic Shigella infections in children in a poor periurban setting in Santiago, Chile","volume":"134","author":"C Ferreccio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400016211","article-title":"House Flies as Carriers of Disease","volume":"9","author":"JT Nash","year":"1909","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"285","article-title":"Fly control and diarrheal morbidity in a rural community in U.P","volume":"24","author":"P Kumar","year":"1970","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.2.177","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical features of patients infected with Shigella who attended a diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh","volume":"146","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"739","article-title":"Estimating the burden of shigellosis in Thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study","volume":"83","author":"P Chompook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-89","article-title":"The burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in North Jakarta, Indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance","volume":"5","author":"MD Agtini","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"448","article-title":"The dysenteries: bacillary and amoebic","volume":"1","author":"LS Dudgeon","year":"1919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"189","article-title":"Dysentery and enteric disease in Mesopotamia from the laboratory standpoint. An anlaysis of laboratory data during the eighteen months ending December 31, 1918","volume":"34","author":"JDG Ledingham","year":"1920","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"16","article-title":"How far do flies fly?","volume":"27","author":"HF Schoof","year":"1959","journal-title":"Pest Control"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005534","article-title":"Detection of intra-familial transmission of shigella infection using conventional serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"134","author":"AI Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.1048-1056.2001","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of a Shigella flexneri outbreak in a mountainous township in Taiwan, Republic of China","volume":"39","author":"CS Chiou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr342","article-title":"Seasonal variation of chemical species associated with short-term mortality effects of PM(2.5) in Xi&apos;an, a Central City in China","volume":"175","author":"W Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"143","article-title":"Control of house-flies in rural areas by means of traps","volume":"21","author":"GG Mer","year":"1960","journal-title":"Riv Parassitol"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"61","article-title":"Trapping houseflies in the rural areas of Israel","volume":"23","author":"A Davidson","year":"1962","journal-title":"Riv Parasitol"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002280","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T21:40:04Z","timestamp":1595972404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002280"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Margaret","family":"Kosek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]}}}