{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:43:24Z","timestamp":1790361804857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]],"date-time":"2013-06-27T20:59:15Z","timestamp":1372366755000},"page":"e2292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evaluation of an Electricity-free, Culture-based Approach for Detecting Typhoidal Salmonella Bacteremia during Enteric Fever in a High Burden, Resource-limited Setting"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna G.","family":"Prajapati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Eypper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poojan","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mila","family":"Shakya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal R.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niva","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Risal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhilasha","family":"Karkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Dongol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Maru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buddha","family":"Basnyat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Farrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Arjyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"JA Crump","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001163","article-title":"The influence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi on the clinical response to ofloxacin therapy","volume":"5","author":"CM Parry","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.06414-11","article-title":"Highly Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi with a Novel gyrA Mutation Raises Questions about the Long-Term Efficacy of Older Fluoroquinolones for Treating Typhoid Fever","volume":"56","author":"KD Koirala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001933","article-title":"Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults","volume":"6","author":"ER Vlieghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010232","article-title":"Clinical microbiology in developing countries","volume":"7","author":"LK Archibald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1309\/8EXCCM6YR1THUBAF","article-title":"Toward complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy. The STARD initiative","volume":"119","author":"PM Bossuyt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration (2007) Statistical Guidance on Reporting Results from Studies Evaluating Diagnostic Tests. Rockville, MD.Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/GuidanceDocuments\/ucm071148.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/GuidanceDocuments\/ucm071148.htm<\/ext-link>. Accessed 5 December 2012."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.670","article-title":"The etiology of febrile illness in adults presenting to Patan hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"70","author":"DR Murdoch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90139-8","article-title":"Predicting enteric fever without bacteriological culture results","volume":"81","author":"IN Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2004.09.012","article-title":"Identification of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever cases at presentation in outpatient clinics in Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"99","author":"AM Vollaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.12.007","article-title":"A simple validated prediction rule to diagnose typhoid fever in Turkey","volume":"100","author":"S Hosoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Department of Health Services (2011) Annual Report: 2067\/68 (2010\/2011). Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.039818","article-title":"A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls","volume":"86","author":"RL Ochiai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.023","article-title":"Burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in a densely populated urban community, Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"14 Suppl 3","author":"A Naheed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-45","article-title":"Searching for the elusive typhoid diagnostic","volume":"10","author":"S Baker","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"112","article-title":"Etiological agents of bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Kathmandu Model Hospital","volume":"46","author":"NM Amatya","year":"2007","journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"351","article-title":"A hospital-based study of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Nepal","volume":"37","author":"NP Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047531","article-title":"Bloodstream Infection among Children Presenting to a General Hospital Outpatient Clinic in Urban Nepal","volume":"7","author":"R Pradhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01452-08","article-title":"Controlled evaluation of Bactec Peds Plus\/F and Bactec lytic\/10 anaerobic\/F media for isolation of Salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi A from blood","volume":"47","author":"ME Reller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040422","article-title":"Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"WA Brooks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-010-0062-x","article-title":"Comparative study of dot enzyme immunoassay (Typhidot-M) and Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever","volume":"47","author":"D Narayanappa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-51-2-173","article-title":"Evaluation of a simple and rapid dipstick assay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in Indonesia","volume":"51","author":"MH Gasem","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"513","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test Typhidot for typhoid fever","volume":"123","author":"MV Jesudason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01403-06","article-title":"Comparison of serological test kits for diagnosis of typhoid fever in the Philippines","volume":"45","author":"RL Kawano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90110-2","article-title":"Estimation of test error rates, disease prevalence and relative risk from misclassified data: a review","volume":"41","author":"SD Walter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"7","article-title":"Electricity crisis (load shedding) in Nepal, its manifestations and ramifications","author":"S Ratna Sansar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hydro Nepal"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1468","article-title":"The MIT D-lab electricity-free PortaTherm\u2122 incubator for remote testing with the QuantiFERON\u00ae-TB Gold In-Tube assay","volume":"14","author":"M Dominguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92194-7","article-title":"Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone-marrow, and rose-spot cultures for recovery of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever","volume":"1","author":"RH Gilman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90020-8","article-title":"Diagnostic value of bone marrow culture in typhoid fever","volume":"73","author":"JG Guerra-Caceres","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198509000-00011","article-title":"Efficacy of bone marrow, blood, stool and duodenal contents cultures for bacteriologic confirmation of typhoid fever in children","volume":"4","author":"C Vallenas","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.836","article-title":"Bone marrow aspirate culture superior to streptokinase clot culture and 8 ml 1\u223610 blood-to-broth ratio blood culture for diagnosis of typhoid fever","volume":"35","author":"SL Hoffman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"164","article-title":"Culture of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood and bone marrow in suspected typhoid fever","volume":"47","author":"MH Gasem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.22.2.292-295.1985","article-title":"Specimen volume versus yield in the BACTEC blood culture system","volume":"22","author":"JJ Plorde","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00471.x","article-title":"Detection of Brucella melitensis by the BacT\/Alert automated system and Brucella broth culture","volume":"8","author":"Z Ozkurt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"BR235","article-title":"Evaluation of the BacT\/ALERT and BACTEC 9240 automated blood culture systems for growth time of Brucella species in a Turkish tertiary hospital","volume":"12","author":"M Baysallar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1683-1687.1998","article-title":"Quantitation of bacteria in blood of typhoid fever patients and relationship between counts and clinical features, transmissibility, and antibiotic resistance","volume":"36","author":"J Wain","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.164","article-title":"Specimens and culture media for the laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever","volume":"2","author":"J Wain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.24.5.691-698.1972","article-title":"Effect of Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate on Antimicrobial Systems in Blood","volume":"24","author":"ME Belding","year":"1972","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"373","article-title":"The Anti-Bactericidal Action of the Bile Salts","volume":"11","author":"SL Cummins","year":"1911","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/46.3_ts.408","article-title":"Comparison of bile and trypticase soy broth for isolation Salmonella from blood","volume":"46","author":"D Kaye","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"161","article-title":"Comparative study of three blood culture systems for isolation of enteric fever Salmonella","volume":"15","author":"J Escamilla","year":"1984","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1339","article-title":"Evaluation of a newly developed ELISA against Widal, TUBEX-TF and Typhidot for typhoid fever surveillance","volume":"5","author":"MA Fadeel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T07:48:36Z","timestamp":1596008916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002292"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]}}}