{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:01:29Z","timestamp":1791216089959,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T22:05:06Z","timestamp":1387490706000},"page":"e2596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Praziquantel Treatment Decreases Schistosoma mansoni Genetic Diversity in Experimental Infections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Coeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio H.","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neusa","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo M. Z.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"P Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2002) TDR Strategic Direction: Schistosomiasis. Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01157.x","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and liver fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"ZA Andrade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)00026-7","article-title":"Antischistosomal drugs: past, present \u2026 and future?","volume":"68","author":"D Cioli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.6.1130","article-title":"Effects of praziquantel on different developmental stages of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni in vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic>","volume":"151","author":"SH Xiao","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","first-page":"129","article-title":"Praziquantel: Mechanism of anti-schistosomal activity","volume":"vol.29","author":"P Andrew","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051568","article-title":"Increased exposure of parasite antigens at the surface of adult male <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> exposed to praziquantel in vitro","volume":"93","author":"W Harnett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(96)80640-5","article-title":"Praziquantel: an urgent and exciting challenge","volume":"12","author":"CA Redman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36873","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100273200","article-title":"Schistosome calcium channel beta subunits. Unusual modulatory effects and potential role in the action of the antischistosomal drug praziquantel","volume":"276","author":"AB Kohn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328318978f","article-title":"Praziquantel: mechanisms of action,resistance and new derivatives for schistosomiasis","volume":"21","author":"MJ Doenhoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"229","article-title":"The effect of praziquantel treatment on glutathione concentration in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"116","author":"F Ribeiro","year":"1998"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009169","article-title":"Responses of the surface membrane and excretory system of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> to damage and to treatment with praziquantel and other biomolecules","volume":"Mar;132","author":"FA Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002600","article-title":"The anti-schistosomal drug praziquantel is an adenosine antagonist","volume":"134","author":"F Angelucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2009.04.007","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> P-glycoprotein levels increase in response to praziquantel exposure and correlate with reduced praziquantel susceptibility","volume":"167","author":"SM Messerli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001425","article-title":"Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of parasite multidrug resistance transporters disrupts egg production in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"5","author":"RS Kasinathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00014","article-title":"Praziquantel: is there real resistance and are there alternatives?","volume":"13","author":"D Cioli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr.Opin.Infect"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.61","article-title":"Short report: diminished susceptibility to praziquantel in a Senegal isolate of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"53","author":"PG Fallon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.167","article-title":"Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in an epidemic focus of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"53","author":"FF Stelma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1126\/science.172.3987.1057","article-title":"Hycanthone resistance: development in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"172","author":"SH Rogers","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.932","article-title":"Resistance to praziquantel: direct evidence from <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> isolated from Egyptian villagers","volume":"Jun;60","author":"M Ismail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","first-page":"467","article-title":"Susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> isolates from patients treated with oxamniquine and praziquantel and not cured","volume":"29","author":"N Ara\u00fajo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651997000200007","article-title":"Resistance to oxamniquine of a <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> strain isolated from patient submitted to repeated treatments","volume":"39","author":"PM Coelho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.05.001","article-title":"Determination of ED50 values for praziquantel in praziquantel-resistant and -susceptible <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> isolates","volume":"34","author":"D Cioli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00811.x","article-title":"Are poor responses to praziquantel for the treatment of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infections in Senegal due to resistance? An overview of the evidence","volume":"6","author":"B Gryseels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90405-0","article-title":"Resistance of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> to praziquantel: is there a problem?","volume":"96","author":"MJ Doenhoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.83","article-title":"Drug-resistant schistosomiasis: resistance to praziquantel and oxamniquine induced in <italic>Schistosoma<\/italic> mansoni in mice is drug specific","volume":"51","author":"PG Fallon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000200006","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>: a method for inducing resistance to praziquantel using infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails","volume":"106","author":"FF Couto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.00939-4.x","article-title":"Isolation of microsatellite markers in the digenetic trematode <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> from Guadeloupe island","volume":"9","author":"P Durand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R71","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-6-r71","article-title":"Genomic linkage map of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"10","author":"CD Criscione","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00031-0","article-title":"Populational structure of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> assessed by DNA microsatellites","volume":"32","author":"NB Rodrigues","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002020","article-title":"Schistosome genetic diversity: theimplications of population structure as detected with microsatellite markers","volume":"125 Suppl","author":"J Curtis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.03.002","article-title":"Microsatellite typing reveals strong genetic structure of Schistosoma mansonifrom localities in Kenya","volume":"Nov;6","author":"LE Agola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.04.012","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Schistosoma mansoni within human infrapopulations in Mwea, central Kenya assessed by microsatellite markers","volume":"Sep;111","author":"LE Agola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.09.014","article-title":"Population genetic structure of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> from across six sub-Saharan African countries: Implications for epidemiology, evolution and control","volume":"128","author":"CM Gower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.04.010","article-title":"Genetic structure of Schstosoma mansoni in western Kenya: the effects of geography and host sharing","volume":"Oct;39","author":"ML Steinauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0283","article-title":"Genetic consequences of mass human chemotherapy for <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>: population structure pre- and post-praziquantel treatment in Tanzania","volume":"83","author":"AJ Norton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Reductions in genetic diversity of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> populations under chemotherapeutic pressure: The effect of sampling approach and parasite population definition","volume":"Mar 15","author":"MD French","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850100092","article-title":"The influence of drug treatment on the maintenance of schistosome genetic diversity","volume":"43","author":"Z Feng","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.09.003","article-title":"Brazilian studies on the genetics of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"108","author":"R Gentile","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60475-3","article-title":"Experimental chemotherapy of Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"6","author":"J Pellegrino","year":"1968","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"589","article-title":"T\u00e9cnica de perfus\u00e3o para colheita de <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> em cobaias experimentalmente infestadas","author":"J Pellegrino","year":"1956","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Malacologia e Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000900015","article-title":"Characterization of new <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> microsatellite loci in sequences obtained from public DNA databases and microsatellite enriched genomic libraries","volume":"97","author":"NB Rodrigues","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2006.01575.x","article-title":"Microsatellite enriched genomic libraries as a source of polymorphic loci for <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"7","author":"NB Rodrigues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Notes"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Goudet J (2001) FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3). Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unil.ch\/izea\/softwares\/Fstat.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unil.ch\/izea\/softwares\/ Fstat.html<\/ext-link>. Updated from Goudet (1995)."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Schneider S. (2000) A software for population genetic data analylis. Arlequin ver 2.000, Genetics and biometry laboratory. University of Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"111","article-title":"Systems of mating","volume":"6","author":"S Wright","year":"1921","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01918.x","article-title":"F-statistics and analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations","volume":"41","author":"M Nei","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/139.1.457","article-title":"A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies","volume":"139","author":"M Slatkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2307\/2532296","article-title":"Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg. Proportion for multiple Aleles","volume":"48","author":"SW Guo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931515","article-title":"Experimental chemotherapy of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> with praziquantel and oxamniquine: differential effect of single or combined formulations of drugs on various strains and on both sexes of the parasite","volume":"78","author":"VS Delgado","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053920","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>: structural damage and tegumental repair after in vivo treatment with praziquantel","volume":"94","author":"MK Shaw","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.12.003","article-title":"Sex- and stage-related sensitivity of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> to in vivo and in vitro praziquantel treatment","volume":"34","author":"L Pica-Mattoccia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00215-6","article-title":"Stability and reproductive fitness of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> isolates with decreased sensitivity to praziquantel","volume":"31","author":"S William","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D579","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn681","article-title":"SchistoDB: a <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> genome resource","volume":"37","author":"A Zerlotini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002596","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T09:31:47Z","timestamp":1647768707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002596"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mike","family":"Doenhoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002596","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]]}}}