{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:24:49Z","timestamp":1792193089997,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T18:08:58Z","timestamp":1393524538000},"page":"e2722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pharmacological Approaches That Slow Lymphatic Flow As a Snakebite First Aid"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dirk F.","family":"van Helden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Dosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad S.","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek R.","family":"Laver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey K.","family":"Isbister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","article-title":"The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths","volume":"5","author":"A Kasturiratne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Gilchrist J (2008) In: Peden M, editor. World Report on Child Injury Prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb134635.x","article-title":"Simple method to delay the movement from the site of injection of low molecular weight substances","volume":"1","author":"SK Sutherland","year":"1980","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(2005)16[164:ROFMFE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Rationalisation of first-aid measures for elapid snakebite","volume":"16","author":"SK Sutherland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1982.tb132180.x","article-title":"First aid for snake bite","volume":"1","author":"RL Anker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650903376071","article-title":"Pilot studies of pressure-immobilization bandages for rattlesnake envenomations","volume":"48","author":"WJ Meggs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-010-0050-5","article-title":"A localizing circumferential compression device delayed death after artificial eastern diamondback rattlesnake envenomation to the torso of an animal model in a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"JB Hack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Toxicology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)60977-7","article-title":"Absorption of bacteria and snake venoms from the tissues: importance of the lymphatic circulation","volume":"1","author":"JM Barnes","year":"1941","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11172","article-title":"Snakebite in Australia: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"199","author":"GK Isbister","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Medical journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2009.01180.x","article-title":"Investigating pressure bandaging for snakebite in a simulated setting: bandage type, training and the effect of transport","volume":"21","author":"E Canale","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emergency Medicine Australasia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3109\/00313028109086826","article-title":"A study of the major australian snake venoms in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). I. The movement of injected venom, methods which retard this movement, and the response to antivenoms","volume":"13","author":"SK Sutherland","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1994.tb126923.x","article-title":"Lymphatic flow rates and first-aid in simulated peripheral snake or spider envenomation","volume":"161","author":"DM Howarth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2382","article-title":"A pharmacological approach to first aid treatment for snakebite","volume":"17","author":"ME Saul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4652(200009)184:3<409::AID-JCP16>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation","volume":"184","author":"JA Carvajal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021404","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent modulation of pacemaking in lymphatic vessels of the guinea-pig mesentery","volume":"493","author":"PY von der Weid","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2707","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2707","article-title":"Nitric oxide decreases pacemaker activity in lymphatic vessels of guinea pig mesentery","volume":"280","author":"PY von der Weid","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-159-40346","article-title":"Transmembrane potentials in bovine lymphatic smooth muscle","volume":"159","author":"T Ohhashi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aef163","article-title":"Mechanisms of (local) anaesthetics on voltage-gated sodium and other ion channels","volume":"89","author":"A Scholz","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016814","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation of the sympathetic chain on peripheral lymph flow in the anaesthetized sheep","volume":"393","author":"JG McGeown","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89s","DOI":"10.1042\/cs068s089","article-title":"Evidence for ATP and noradrenaline as cotransmitters in sympathetic nerves","volume":"68 Suppl 10","author":"G Burnstock","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"H290","article-title":"Direct evidence for the role of neuropeptide Y in sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced vasoconstriction","volume":"274","author":"S Han","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"537","article-title":"Anasatomoses between the superficial and deep lymphatic systems in the lower limb","volume":"33","author":"I Caplan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04878.x","article-title":"Physiologic aspects of lymphatic contractile function: current perspectives","volume":"979","author":"AA Gashev","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90126-9","article-title":"Effects of diethyl ether, halothane, ketamine and urethane on sympathetic activity in the rat","volume":"134","author":"MO Carruba","year":"1987","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(98)00084-8","article-title":"Differential effects of anesthetics on sympathetic nerve activity and arterial baroreceptor reflex in chronically instrumented rats","volume":"72","author":"A Shimokawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T17:34:24Z","timestamp":1597512864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002722"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Lalloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002722","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]]}}}