{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:29:03Z","timestamp":1789187343339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T18:46:53Z","timestamp":1405622813000},"page":"e2976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Identification of sVSG117 as an Immunodiagnostic Antigen and Evaluation of a Dual-Antigen Lateral Flow Test for the Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Sastry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Mehlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A. J.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.1.133-146.2005","article-title":"Options for field diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis","volume":"18","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology reviews"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-5-7","article-title":"Challenges of controlling sleeping sickness in areas of violent conflict: experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"5","author":"J Tong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conflict and health"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00731.x","article-title":"Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade","volume":"6","author":"S Van Nieuwenhove","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61117-X","article-title":"Nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy for second-stage African Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis: a multicentre, randomised, phase III, non-inferiority trial","volume":"374","author":"G Priotto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000105","article-title":"A current analysis of chemotherapy strategies for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"107","author":"P Babokhov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens and global health"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"CD006201","article-title":"Chemotherapy for second-stage human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"V Lutje","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e923","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000923","article-title":"Fexinidazole\u2013a new oral nitroimidazole drug candidate entering clinical development for the treatment of sleeping sickness","volume":"4","author":"E Torreele","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00498-10","article-title":"Discovery of novel orally bioavailable oxaborole 6-carboxamides that demonstrate cure in a murine model of late-stage central nervous system african trypanosomiasis","volume":"54","author":"B Nare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1179\/000349804225003389","article-title":"Assessing the patterns of health-seeking behaviour and awareness among sleeping-sickness patients in eastern Uganda","volume":"98","author":"M Odiit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70077-3","article-title":"Molecular diagnostics for sleeping sickness: what is the benefit for the patient?","volume":"10","author":"S Deborggraeve","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e917","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000917","article-title":"Revisiting the immune trypanolysis test to optimise epidemiological surveillance and control of sleeping sickness in West Africa","volume":"4","author":"V Jamonneau","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"169","article-title":"A card-agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (C.A.T.T.) for the serological diagnosis of T. B. gambiense trypanosomiasis","volume":"58","author":"E Magnus","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annales de la Societe belge de medecine tropicale"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00095-4","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of LATEX\/T. b. gambiense and alternative versions of CATT\/T. b. gambiense for the serodiagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis of a population at risk in Cote d'Ivoire: considerations for mass-screening","volume":"76","author":"V Jamonneau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.313","article-title":"Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) end-dilution titer and cerebrospinal fluid cell count as predictors of human African Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) among serologically suspected individuals in southern Sudan","volume":"71","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02446.x","article-title":"A new format of the CATT test for the detection of human African Trypanosomiasis, designed for use in peripheral health facilities","volume":"15","author":"E Hasker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"882","article-title":"Evaluation of the micro-CATT, CATT\/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and LATEX\/T b gambiense methods for serodiagnosis and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in West and Central Africa","volume":"80","author":"P Truc","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00232-2","article-title":"Evaluation of LATEX\/T.b.gambiense for mass screening of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in Central Africa","volume":"85","author":"L Penchenier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60829-1","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"375","author":"R Brun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010000211","article-title":"Emerging trends in the diagnosis of human African Trypanosomiasis","volume":"137","author":"M Radwanska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.04.005","article-title":"Diagnosis of human sleeping sickness: sense and sensitivity","volume":"27","author":"SL Wastling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01240.x","article-title":"The effectiveness of active population screening and treatment for sleeping sickness control in the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"9","author":"J Robays","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90054-2","article-title":"Absence of the LiTat 1.3 (CATT antigen) gene in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense stocks from Cameroon","volume":"51","author":"P Dukes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67179-6","article-title":"A burgeoning epidemic of sleeping sickness in Uganda","volume":"366","author":"EM Fevre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2287-2","article-title":"Lateral flow (immuno)assay: its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey","volume":"393","author":"GA Posthuma-Trumpie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1210373","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic test for sleeping sickness","volume":"368","author":"P Buscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002087","article-title":"Proteomic selection of immunodiagnostic antigens for human African trypanosomiasis and generation of a prototype lateral flow immunodiagnostic device","volume":"7","author":"L Sullivan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001571","article-title":"The Human African trypanosomiasis specimen biobank: a necessary tool to support research of new diagnostics","volume":"6","author":"JR Franco","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240240107","article-title":"Release and purification of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein","volume":"24","author":"GA Cross","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of cellular biochemistry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwf079","article-title":"The glycoforms of a Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein and molecular modeling of a glycosylated surface coat","volume":"12","author":"A Mehlert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14310.x","article-title":"Characterization of the cross-reacting determinant (CRD) of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor of Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein","volume":"176","author":"SE Zamze","year":"1988","journal-title":"European journal of biochemistry\/FEBS"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(83)90117-2","article-title":"Comparative analysis of a Trypanosoma brucei gambiense antigen gene family and its potential use in epidemiology of sleeping sickness","volume":"7","author":"E Pays","year":"1983","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90023-5","article-title":"Identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense by PCR amplification of variant surface glycoprotein genes","volume":"53","author":"T Bromidge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(82)90073-7","article-title":"Rapid evolution of genes coding for variant surface glycoproteins in trypanosomes","volume":"17","author":"AC Frasch","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7527.1238","article-title":"Sleeping sickness in Uganda: a thin line between two fatal diseases","volume":"331","author":"K Picozzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.09.006","article-title":"African trypanosomiasis: sensitive and rapid detection of the sub-genus Trypanozoon by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of parasite DNA","volume":"38","author":"ZK Njiru","year":"2008","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T23:08:57Z","timestamp":1565651337000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002976"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jayne","family":"Raper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002976","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]}}}