{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:37:09Z","timestamp":1761489429223},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]],"date-time":"2014-07-31T21:04:41Z","timestamp":1406840681000},"page":"e3059","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Predicted Impact of Mass Drug Administration on the Development of Protective Immunity against Schistosoma haematobium"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kate M.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Mutapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafira","family":"Mduluza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Midzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Savill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E. J.","family":"Woolhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00029-9","article-title":"Quantification of clinical morbidity associated with schistosome infection in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"86","author":"MJ van der Werf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69440-3","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"368","author":"B Gryseels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990400","article-title":"The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002\u20132008","volume":"136","author":"A Fenwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"WHO (2006) Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis. Geneva: WHO Press."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.45.498","article-title":"Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. IV. Impact of repeated annual chemotherapy on prevalence and intensity of <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> infection in an endemic area of Kenya","volume":"45","author":"CH King","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.03.024","article-title":"The epidemiology and control of urinary schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in schoolchildren on Unguja Island, Zanzibar","volume":"103","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000897","article-title":"Observed reductions in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> transmission from large-scale administration of praziquantel in Uganda: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"4","author":"MD French","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)91057-4","article-title":"Predicting the impact of school-based treatment for urinary schistosomiasis given by the Ghana Partnership for Child Development","volume":"92","author":"MS Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001903","article-title":"Projecting the long-term impact of school- or community-based mass-treatment interventions for control of <italic>Schistosoma<\/italic> infection","volume":"6","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(96)00039-3","article-title":"Dynamic aspects of morbidity and acquired immunity in schistosomiasis control","volume":"62","author":"MS Chan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052288","article-title":"Community control of helminth infections of man by mass and selective chemotherapy","volume":"90","author":"RM Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003576","article-title":"Adult resistance to schistosomiasis mansoni: age-dependence of reinfection remains constant in communities with diverse exposure patterns","volume":"118","author":"NB Kabatereine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.549","article-title":"Age-acquired resistance and predisposition to reinfection with <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> after treatment with praziquantel in Mali","volume":"52","author":"JF Etard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01318-0","article-title":"Patterns in parasite epidemiology: the peak shift","volume":"14","author":"MEJ Woolhouse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-206.x","article-title":"A comparison of humoral responses to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> in areas with low and high levels of infection","volume":"19","author":"F Mutapi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000820","article-title":"Analysis of Complex Patterns of Human Exposure and Immunity to <italic>Schistosomiasis mansoni<\/italic>: The Influence of Age, Sex, Ethnicity and IgE","volume":"4","author":"A Pinot de Moira","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e637","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000637","article-title":"Influence of exposure history on the immunology and development of resistance to human Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"4","author":"CL Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000095997","article-title":"Factors affecting human IgE and IgG responses to allergen-like <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> antigens: molecular structure and patterns of <italic>in vivo<\/italic> exposure","volume":"142","author":"CM Fitzsimmons","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Imm"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.00192.x","article-title":"Changes in specific anti-egg antibody levels following treatment with praziquantel for <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> infection in children","volume":"20","author":"F Mutapi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-810.x","article-title":"Specific immunoglobulin measurements related to exposure and resistance to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection in Sudanese canal cleaners","volume":"106","author":"MZ Satti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.5.1242","article-title":"Antischistosome IgG4 and IgE responses are affected differentially by chemotherapy in children versus adults","volume":"173","author":"JL Grogan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1086\/517456","article-title":"Chemotherapy accelerates the development of acquired immune responses to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> infection","volume":"178","author":"F Mutapi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1086\/432553","article-title":"Praziquantel treatment of individuals exposed to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> enhances serological recognition of defined parasite antigens","volume":"192","author":"F Mutapi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220622","article-title":"Immunity after treatment of human schistosomiasis: association between IgE antibodies to adult worm antigens and resistance to reinfection","volume":"22","author":"DW Dunne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1086\/515630","article-title":"Increased interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 production in response to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> adult worm antigens correlates with lack of reinfection after treatment","volume":"178","author":"A Medhat","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis524","article-title":"Integrated analysis of innate, Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory cytokines identifies changes in immune polarisation following treatment of human schistosomiasis","volume":"208","author":"CD Bourke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1086\/653828","article-title":"Increases in levels of schistosome-specific immunoglobulin E and CD23+ B cells in a cohort of Kenyan children undergoing repeated treatment and reinfection with <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"202","author":"CL Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13347","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121051109","article-title":"Protective immunity to <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> infection is primarily an anti-fecundity response stimulated by the death of adult worms","volume":"109","author":"KM Mitchell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.02.004","article-title":"Paradigm lost: how parasite control may alter pattern and process in human helminthiases","volume":"28","author":"M-G Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118209900534X","article-title":"Stochastic simulation and the detection of immunity to schistosome infections","volume":"120","author":"MS Chan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118209800331X","article-title":"Heterogeneities in schistosome transmission dynamics and control","volume":"117","author":"MEJ Woolhouse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002237","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002237","article-title":"Explaining observed infection and antibody age-profiles in populations with urogenital schistosomiasis","volume":"7","author":"KM Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066092","article-title":"Duration of humoral immunity to common viral and vaccine antigens","volume":"357","author":"IJ Amanna","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-09-3740","article-title":"B-cell kinetics in humans: rapid turnover of peripheral blood memory cells","volume":"105","author":"DC Macallan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)00202-3","article-title":"Vaccine potential of a recombinant glutathione <italic>S<\/italic>-transferase cloned from <italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/italic> in primates experimentally infected with an homologous challenge","volume":"17","author":"D Boulanger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000241","article-title":"Controlling schistosomiasis: significant decrease of anaemia prevalence one year after a single dose of praziquantel in Nigerien schoolchildren","volume":"2","author":"ZB Tohon","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"WHO (2001) Schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminth infections. Fifty fourth World Health Assembly, resolution WHA54.19 <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/mediacentre\/WHA_54.19_Eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/mediacentre\/WHA_54.19_Eng.pdf<\/ext-link> (accessed 25\/06\/14)."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.08.008","article-title":"A combined school- and community-based campaign targeting all school-age children of Burkina Faso against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Performance, financial costs and implications for sustainability","volume":"99","author":"A-F Gabrielli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.03.015","article-title":"Progress towards countrywide control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Uganda","volume":"100","author":"NB Kabatereine","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danso-Appiah A, Utzinger J, Liu J, Olliaro P (2008) Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000053.pub2"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Schistosomiasis Control Initiative. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www3.imperial.ac.uk\/schisto\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www3.imperial.ac.uk\/schisto<\/ext-link> (accessed 25\/06\/14)"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"383","article-title":"Subclass distribution and IgE responses after treatment in human schistosomiasis","volume":"73","author":"B Evengard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652001000300007","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> IgG antibodies in patients with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni before and after specific treatment","volume":"43","author":"CM Vendrame","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00017-7","article-title":"Mathematical modelling of schistosomiasis japonica: comparison of control strategies in the People&apos;s Republic of China","volume":"82","author":"GM Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006341","article-title":"Heterogeneous model of schistosomiasis transmission and long-term control: the combined influence of spatial variation and age-dependent factors on optimal allocation of drug therapy","volume":"130","author":"D Gurarie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000255","article-title":"Which new approaches to tackling neglected tropical diseases show promise?","volume":"7","author":"JM Spiegel","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00060-3","article-title":"The role of health education and sanitation in the control of helminth infections","volume":"86","author":"SO Asaolu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"World Health Assembly (2012) Resolution 65.21: Elimination of schistosomiasis. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/mediacentre\/WHA_65.21_Eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/mediacentre\/WHA_65.21_Eng.pdf<\/ext-link> (accessed 25\/06\/14)"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T12:11:01Z","timestamp":1565698261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003059"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]}}}