{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T08:16:42Z","timestamp":1789892202555,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417651200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1417734919000},"page":"e3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Glucose- but Not Rice-Based Oral Rehydration Therapy Enhances the Production of Virulence Determinants in the Human Pathogen Vibrio cholerae"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Juliane","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Bertuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Borgeaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Blokesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L06403","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL046823","article-title":"Prediction of the spatial evolution and effects of control measures for the unfolding Haiti cholera outbreak","volume":"38","author":"E Bertuzzo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys Res Lett"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60273-0","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and control of cholera in Haiti: an epidemic model","volume":"377","author":"JR Andrews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00334","article-title":"Cholera Epidemic in Haiti, 2010: Using a Transmission Model to Explain Spatial Spread of Disease and Identify Optimal Control Interventions","volume":"154","author":"AR Tuite","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203333109","article-title":"Reassessment of the 2010\u20132011 Haiti cholera outbreak and rainfall-driven multiseason projections","volume":"109","author":"A Rinaldo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7081","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102149108","article-title":"Vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera in Haiti with implications for the developing world","volume":"108","author":"DL Chao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1217567109","article-title":"Generalized reproduction numbers and the prediction of patterns in waterborne disease","volume":"109","author":"M Gatto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200205001-00016","article-title":"Oral rehydration: an evolving solution","volume":"34","author":"MJ Farthing","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.329","article-title":"Oral rehydration solutions in non-cholera diarrhea: a review","volume":"104","author":"AN Atia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6822.287","article-title":"Impact of rice based oral rehydration solution on stool output and duration of diarrhoea: meta-analysis of 13 clinical trials","volume":"304","author":"SM Gore","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"751","article-title":"Rice-based oral rehydration solution decreases the stool volume in acute diarrhoea","volume":"63","author":"AM Molla","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200110002-00002","article-title":"Oral rehydration: toward a real solution","volume":"33","author":"A Guarino","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00386.x","article-title":"Evaluation of oral hypo-osmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration solutions in the treatment of cholera in children","volume":"89","author":"D Dutta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01094-07","article-title":"Regulatory networks controlling <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> virulence gene expression","volume":"75","author":"JS Matson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.4.773-784.1998","article-title":"Role of <italic>rpoS<\/italic> in stress survival and virulence of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"180","author":"FH Yildiz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/35020000","article-title":"DNA sequence of both chromosomes of the cholera pathogen <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"406","author":"JF Heidelberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.38.3.1263-1272.1982","article-title":"Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> 395 (Ogawa)","volume":"38","author":"S Kabir","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2010.08.001","article-title":"Genetic manipulation of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> by combining natural transformation with FLP recombination","volume":"64","author":"O De Souza Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plasmid"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"e3761","article-title":"TransFLP \u2013 a method to genetically modify <italic>V. cholerae<\/italic> based on natural transformation and FLP-recombination","volume":"68","author":"M Blokesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53952","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053952","article-title":"Overexpression of the <italic>tcp<\/italic> gene cluster using the T7 RNA polymerase\/promoter system and natural transformation-mediated genetic engineering of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"S Borgeaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308707101","article-title":"The <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> chitin utilization program","volume":"101","author":"KL Meibom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001102","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001102","article-title":"A bistable switch and anatomical site control <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> virulence gene expression in the intestine","volume":"6","author":"AT Nielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002778","article-title":"The regulatory network of natural competence and transformation of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"M Lo Scrudato","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardel CL, Mekalanos JJ (1994) Regulation of cholera toxin by temperature, pH, and osmolarity. In: Virginia L. Clark PMB, editor. Methods in Enzymology: Academic Press. pp. 517\u2013526.","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(94)35167-8"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W01424","DOI":"10.1029\/2007WR006211","article-title":"On the space-time evolution of a cholera epidemic","volume":"44","author":"E Bertuzzo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Resour Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0304","article-title":"Modelling cholera epidemics: the role of waterways, human mobility and sanitation","volume":"9","author":"L Mari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/116.2.183","article-title":"Cholera infection and toxin in the rabbit ileal loop","volume":"116","author":"W Burrows","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.47.4.510-550.1983","article-title":"New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development","volume":"47","author":"MM Levine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.9.2833","article-title":"Use of <italic>phoA<\/italic> gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin","volume":"84","author":"RK Taylor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00409-09","article-title":"Bicarbonate Induces <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> virulence gene expression by enhancing ToxT activity","volume":"77","author":"BH Abuaita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00695-06","article-title":"2,3-butanediol synthesis and the emergence of the <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> El Tor biotype","volume":"74","author":"SS Yoon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81551-2","article-title":"Regulation and temporal expression patterns of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> virulence genes during infection","volume":"99","author":"SH Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00024-06","article-title":"How phosphotransferase system-related protein phosphorylation regulates carbohydrate metabolism in bacteria","volume":"70","author":"J Deutscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.10.008","article-title":"Cyclic AMP post-transcriptionally regulates the biosynthesis of a major bacterial autoinducer to modulate the cell density required to activate quorum sensing","volume":"582","author":"W Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102108-134304","article-title":"Bacterial quorum-sensing network architectures","volume":"43","author":"WL Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052694299","article-title":"Quorum-sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"99","author":"J Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03229.x","article-title":"Regulation of virulence gene expression in <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> by quorum sensing: HapR functions at the <italic>aphA<\/italic> promoter","volume":"46","author":"G Kovacikova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"37","article-title":"<italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> interactions with the gastrointestinal tract: lessons from animal studies","volume":"337","author":"JM Ritchie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.4.1487","article-title":"Toxin, toxin-coregulated pili, and the <italic>toxR<\/italic> regulon are essential for <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> pathogenesis in humans","volume":"168","author":"DA Herrington","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.11.2822-2829.1988","article-title":"Characterization of the <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> ToxR regulon: identification of novel genes involved in intestinal colonization","volume":"56","author":"KM Peterson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.1.72-78.1994","article-title":"ToxR regulates virulence gene expression in non-O1 strains of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> that cause epidemic cholera","volume":"62","author":"MK Waldor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00726.x","article-title":"Use of signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis to identify <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> genes critical for colonization","volume":"27","author":"SL Chiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.3.335","article-title":"Regulation of virulence in <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>: the ToxR regulon","volume":"2","author":"BM Childers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116739","article-title":"Small-molecule inhibitor of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> virulence and intestinal colonization","volume":"310","author":"DT Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611643104","article-title":"Virstatin inhibits dimerization of the transcriptional activator ToxT","volume":"104","author":"EA Shakhnovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002145","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics of cholera during the first year of the epidemic in Haiti","volume":"7","author":"J Gaudart","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"113","article-title":"New formula oral rehydration salts","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"WHO Drug Information"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00744-X","article-title":"Comparison of the promoter proximal regions of the toxin-co-regulated tcp gene cluster in classical and El Tor strains of <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic> O1","volume":"170","author":"MA Ogierman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.265","article-title":"Cyclic AMP and its receptor protein negatively regulate the coordinate expression of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus in <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"94","author":"K Skorupski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/006668-0","article-title":"The cyclic AMP receptor protein modulates quorum sensing, motility and multiple genes that affect intestinal colonization in <italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/italic>","volume":"153","author":"W Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00778","article-title":"Host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium","volume":"417","author":"DS Merrell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"WHO (2005) The treatment of diarrhoea: A manual for physicians and other senior health workers. Geneva, Switzerland.: WHO Press. 1\u201344 p."}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T15:13:34Z","timestamp":1598541214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003347"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pamela L. C.","family":"Small","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]]}}}