{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:43:50Z","timestamp":1792025030827,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420675200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]],"date-time":"2015-01-08T19:22:36Z","timestamp":1420744956000},"page":"e3394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Invasive Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 with Naturally Attenuated Flagellin Elicits Reduced Inflammation and Replicates within Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Girish","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Schmidlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohan E.","family":"Tulapurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Tennant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61752-2","article-title":"Invasive non-typhoidal <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa","volume":"379","author":"NA Feasey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68180-4","article-title":"Incidence of clinically significant bacteraemia in children who present to hospital in Kenya: community-based observational study","volume":"367","author":"AJ Brent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.158","article-title":"Invasive salmonellosis in Malawi","volume":"2","author":"MA Gordon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.091017.109","article-title":"Epidemic multiple drug resistant <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhimurium causing invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa have a distinct genotype","volume":"19","author":"RA Kingsley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.564","article-title":"Pathogens and predictors of fatal septicemia associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ivory Coast, west Africa","volume":"168","author":"DJ Vugia","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000202066.02212.ff","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic> bacteremia in Kenyan children","volume":"25","author":"AJ Brent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002776","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing as a replacement for serotyping in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"M Achtman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01654-07","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi Vi-typing bacteriophage E1","volume":"190","author":"D Pickard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.7.2330-2337.2003","article-title":"Comparative genomics of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi strains Ty2 and CT18","volume":"185","author":"W Deng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1470","article-title":"Comparison of genome degradation in Paratyphi A and Typhi, human-restricted serovars of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> that cause typhoid","volume":"36","author":"M McClelland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/35101607","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Typhi CT18","volume":"413","author":"J Parkhill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2423","article-title":"Intracontinental spread of human invasive <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhimurium pathovariants in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"44","author":"CK Okoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002933","article-title":"Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis","volume":"8","author":"HK de Jong","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/364639a0","article-title":"Ruffles induced by <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> and other stimuli direct macropinocytosis of bacteria","volume":"364","author":"CL Francis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.601","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic> stimulate macrophage macropinocytosis and persist within spacious phagosomes","volume":"179","author":"CM Alpuche-Aranda","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(88)90271-4","article-title":"Comparison of the invasion strategies used by <italic>Salmonella cholerae-suis<\/italic>, <italic>Shigella flexneri<\/italic> and <italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/italic> to enter cultured animal cells: endosome acidification is not required for bacterial invasion or intracellular replication","volume":"70","author":"BB Finlay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.10.4641-4645.1994","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic> invasion of nonphagocytic cells induces formation of macropinosomes in the host cell","volume":"62","author":"F Garcia-del Portillo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01242-06","article-title":"Oral administration of a <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic>-based vaccine expressing <italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/italic> protective antigen confers protection against aerosolized <italic>B. anthracis<\/italic>","volume":"75","author":"MG Stokes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05278-11","article-title":"Engineering and preclinical evaluation of attenuated nontyphoidal <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> strains serving as live oral vaccines and as reagent strains","volume":"79","author":"SM Tennant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094351","article-title":"A toll-like receptor that prevents infection by uropathogenic bacteria","volume":"303","author":"D Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6097","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.6097","article-title":"Tobacco smoking inhibits expression of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of IL-1R-associated kinase, p38, and NF-kappaB in alveolar macrophages stimulated with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists","volume":"179","author":"H Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02098-4","article-title":"Divalent-metal transport by NRAMP proteins at the interface of host-pathogen interactions","volume":"9","author":"JR Forbes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.022","article-title":"Mouse models to assess the efficacy of non-typhoidal <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> vaccines: revisiting the role of host innate susceptibility and routes of challenge","volume":"29","author":"R Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh186","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in innate immunity","volume":"17","author":"K Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.3.645-653.2002","article-title":"The <italic>ClpXP<\/italic> ATP-dependent protease regulates flagellum synthesis in <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar <italic>typhimurium<\/italic>","volume":"184","author":"T Tomoyasu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03437.x","article-title":"Turnover of FlhD and FlhC, master regulator proteins for <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> flagellum biogenesis, by the ATP-dependent ClpXP protease","volume":"48","author":"T Tomoyasu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1005-1013.2000","article-title":"Differential bacterial survival, replication, and apoptosis-inducing ability of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> serovars within human and murine macrophages","volume":"68","author":"WR Schwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00175.x","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella typhi<\/italic> does not inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in human monocyte-derived macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Y Ishibashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.11.4329-4335.1995","article-title":"Host restriction phenotypes of <italic>Salmonella typhi<\/italic> and <italic>Salmonella gallinarum<\/italic>","volume":"63","author":"L Pascopella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2009.07.004","article-title":"Macrophages influence <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> host-specificity in vivo","volume":"47","author":"T Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229224","article-title":"A Rab32-dependent pathway contributes to Salmonella typhi host restriction","volume":"338","author":"S Spano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.01.031","article-title":"TLR signaling is required for <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> virulence","volume":"144","author":"N Arpaia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.8.2923-2929.1996","article-title":"The <italic>Bcg\/Ity\/Lsh<\/italic> locus: genetic transfer of resistance to infections in C57BL\/6J mice transgenic for the <italic>Nramp1 Gly169<\/italic> allele","volume":"64","author":"G Govoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3328","article-title":"Genomics of an emerging clone of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> serovar Typhimurium ST313 from Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"7","author":"P Leekitcharoenphon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84566","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084566","article-title":"The role of the <italic>st313-td<\/italic> gene in virulence of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhimurium ST313","volume":"9","author":"A Herrero-Fresno","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01491-5","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic> intracellular proliferation: where, when and how?","volume":"3","author":"F Garcia-del Portillo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01480-0","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella<\/italic>-induced macrophage death: the role of caspase-1 in death and inflammation","volume":"3","author":"DM Monack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9833","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.18.9833","article-title":"<italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> invasion induces apoptosis in infected macrophages","volume":"93","author":"DM Monack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100257","article-title":"Redundant roles for inflammasome receptors NLRP3 and NLRC4 in host defense against <italic>Salmonella<\/italic>","volume":"207","author":"P Broz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir512","article-title":"The human transcriptome during nontyphoid <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> and HIV coinfection reveals attenuated NFkappaB-mediated inflammation and persistent cell cycle disruption","volume":"204","author":"F Schreiber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01336-13","article-title":"Repression of flagella is a common trait in field isolates of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovar Dublin and is associated with invasive human infections","volume":"82","author":"L Yim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5165","article-title":"The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells","volume":"170","author":"TK Means","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004049","article-title":"Malaria parasite infection compromises control of concurrent systemic non-typhoidal <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> infection via IL-10-mediated alteration of myeloid cell function","volume":"10","author":"KL Lokken","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1743","article-title":"Simian immunodeficiency virus-induced mucosal interleukin-17 deficiency promotes <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> dissemination from the gut","volume":"14","author":"M Raffatellu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000621","article-title":"Identification by PCR of non-typhoidal <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovars associated with invasive infections among febrile patients in Mali","volume":"4","author":"SM Tennant","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00109-08","article-title":"PCR method to identify <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Isolates from the blood of patients with clinical enteric fever","volume":"46","author":"H Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/291238a0","article-title":"Aromatic-dependent <italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/italic> are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines","volume":"291","author":"SK Hoiseth","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400015394","article-title":"The pathogenic and immunogenic activities of <italic>Salmonella typhi<\/italic> in relation to its antigenic constituents","volume":"49","author":"A Felix","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"}],"container-title":["PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T20:12:56Z","timestamp":1598645576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003394"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]}}}