{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:36:49Z","timestamp":1784601409421,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T18:06:18Z","timestamp":1429725978000},"page":"e0003670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Costs of Testing for Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Compared to Mass Drug Administration for Trachoma in The Gambia: Application of Results from the PRET Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Harding-Esch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Jofre-Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaskiran K.","family":"Dhanjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tansy","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansumana","family":"Sillah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mabey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"S Resnikoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.148494","article-title":"Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness","volume":"93","author":"SP Mariotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.5_suppl_1.0690001","article-title":"Global burden of trachoma and economics of the disease","volume":"69","author":"KD Frick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61029-X","article-title":"Re-emergence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection after mass antibiotic treatment of a trachoma-endemic Gambian community: a longitudinal study","volume":"365","author":"MJ Burton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040979","article-title":"Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for trachoma","volume":"351","author":"AW Solomon","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The Department of State for Health and Social Welfare, The Gambian National Plan for Trachoma Control with Azithromycin","author":"A Sillah","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Department of State for Health and Social Welfare, The Gambian National Plan for Trachoma Control with Azithromycin"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000573","article-title":"Active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in two Gambian regions: on course for elimination by 2020?","volume":"3","author":"EM Harding-Esch","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002115","article-title":"Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? Results from the PRET Trial in the Gambia","volume":"7","author":"EM Harding-Esch","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2010.545500","article-title":"Design and Baseline Data of a Randomized Trial to Evaluate Coverage and Frequency of Mass Treatment with Azithromycin: The Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) in Tanzania and The Gambia","volume":"18","author":"D Stare","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e861","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000861","article-title":"Trachoma Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in The Gambia and Tanzania: Baseline Results of a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"4","author":"E Harding-Esch","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"477","article-title":"A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications","volume":"65","author":"B Thylefors","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13909-8","article-title":"Strategies for control of trachoma: observational study with quantitative PCR","volume":"362","author":"AW Solomon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"5","article-title":"document GET\/ALL6\/WP\/8.4 EN In Report of the Sixth Meeting of the Global Alliance for The Elimination of Trachoma by 2020 WHO, 2001","author":"M Burton","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programs","author":"M Drummond","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"98","article-title":"A simplified general method for cluster-sample surveys of health in developing countries","volume":"44","author":"S Bennett","year":"1991","journal-title":"World health statistics quarterly Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Report of the 3rd Global Scientific Meeting on Trachoma","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001362","article-title":"The cost of antibiotic mass drug administration for trachoma control in a remote area of South Sudan","volume":"5","author":"JH Kolaczinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.12.003","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of three azithromycin distribution strategies for treatment of trachoma in a sub-Saharan African country","volume":"101","author":"JF Schemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mali. Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.05.007","article-title":"Projected benefits from integrating NTD programs in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"22","author":"MA Brady","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.24","article-title":"The global elimination of blinding trachoma: progress and promise","volume":"69","author":"JA Kumaresan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000979","article-title":"Incremental cost of conducting population-based prevalence surveys for a neglected tropical disease: the example of trachoma in 8 national programs","volume":"5","author":"C Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.74.1.66","article-title":"Pooling of urine specimens for PCR testing: a cost saving strategy for Chlamydia trachomatis control programmes","volume":"74","author":"RW Peeling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.08.005","article-title":"Pooling ocular swab specimens from Tanzania for testing by Roche Amplicor and Aptima Combo 2 assays for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis: accuracy and cost-savings","volume":"77","author":"L Dize","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70032-3","article-title":"Mass antibiotics for trachoma and the Allee effect","volume":"5","author":"JD Chidambaram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000862","article-title":"Targeting antibiotics to households for trachoma control","volume":"4","author":"IM Blake","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580590932761","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of trachoma control in seven world regions","volume":"12","author":"RM Baltussen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"201","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of trachoma control measures: comparing targeted household treatment and mass treatment of children","volume":"79","author":"KD Frick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003670","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T23:41:32Z","timestamp":1566603692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003670"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003670","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]}}}