{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T14:08:00Z","timestamp":1792332480341,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T15:08:55Z","timestamp":1429196935000},"page":"e0003709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1229,"title":["Estimating the Global Burden of Endemic Canine Rabies"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Hampson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Coudeville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maganga","family":"Sambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Kieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Attlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Barrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse D.","family":"Blanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cleaveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conrad M.","family":"Freuling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elly","family":"Hiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Knopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Leanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Meslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Metlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Elizabeth","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis H.","family":"Nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Recuenco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio Natal","family":"Vigilato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Zinsstag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Dushoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Global Alliance for Rabies Control Partners for Rabies Prevention","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Second Report","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00041-8","article-title":"Human rabies: a disease of complex neuropathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic challenges","volume":"1","author":"T Hemachudha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000053","article-title":"Transmission Dynamics and Prospects for the Elimination of Canine Rabies","volume":"7","author":"K Hampson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plos Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.020774","article-title":"Estimating the public health impact of rabies","volume":"10","author":"PG Coleman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.11.004","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies: Focus on domestic dogs (<italic>Canis familiaris<\/italic>) and black-backed jackals (<italic>Canis mesomelas<\/italic>) from northern South Africa","volume":"140","author":"GC Zulu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.04.024","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of rabies in bat-eared foxes (<italic>Otocyon megalotis<\/italic>) in South Africa","volume":"129","author":"CT Sabeta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"11","article-title":"The epidemiology of rabies in Zimbabwe. 2. Rabies in jackals (<italic>Canis adustus<\/italic> and <italic>Canis mesomelas<\/italic>)","volume":"66","author":"J Bingham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","first-page":"304","article-title":"Estimating human rabies mortality in the United Republic of Tanzania from dog bite injuries","volume":"80","author":"S Cleaveland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v24i2.62961","article-title":"The status of rabies in Ethiopia: A retrospective record review","volume":"24","author":"A Deressa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000511","article-title":"Rabies Situation in Cambodia","volume":"3","author":"S Ly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001391","article-title":"Dog Bites in Humans and Estimating Human Rabies Mortality in Rabies Endemic Areas of Bhutan","volume":"5","author":"Tenzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1847","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001847","article-title":"Deaths from Symptomatically Identifiable Furious Rabies in India: A Nationally Representative Mortality Survey","volume":"6","author":"W Suraweera","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881100272X","article-title":"Human rabies in rural Bangladesh","volume":"140","author":"M Hossain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002216","article-title":"Incidence of Rabies in Humans and Domestic Animals and People&apos;s Awareness in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"WT Jemberu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000339","article-title":"Rabies Exposures, Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Deaths in a Region of Endemic Canine Rabies","volume":"2","author":"K Hampson","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060810","article-title":"Rabies Encephalitis in Malaria-Endemic Area, Malawi, Africa","volume":"13","author":"M Mallewa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002510","article-title":"The Burden of Rabies in Tanzania and its Impacts on Local Communities","volume":"7","author":"S Maganga","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref18","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"DL Knobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1904.121482","article-title":"Rabies update for Latin America and the Caribbean","volume":"19","author":"MAN Vigilato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081426","article-title":"Reemerging rabies and lack of systemic surveillance in People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"15","author":"X Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1904.120380","article-title":"Response to a rabies epidemic, Bali, Indonesia, 2008\u20132011","volume":"19","author":"AAG Putra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lembo T, Craig PS, Miles MA, Hampson KR, Meslin FX. Zoonoses prevention, control, and elimination in dogs. Macpherson CNL, Meslin FX, Wandeler AI, editors 2013. 205\u201358 p.","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938352.0205"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01468.x","article-title":"Exploring reservoir dynamics: a case study of rabies in the Serengeti ecosystem","volume":"45","author":"T Lembo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0535","article-title":"Epidemiologic Trends of Rabies in Domestic Animals in Southern Thailand, 1994\u20132008","volume":"85","author":"A Thiptara","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810001135","article-title":"Re-emergence of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals in eastern Bhutan, 2005\u20132007","volume":"139","author":"Tenzin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.027","article-title":"Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis: a case study in Tanzania","volume":"27","author":"E Shim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S. lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1\u20137. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lme4\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lme4<\/ext-link>. 2014."},{"issue":"9859","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61899-6","article-title":"GBD 2010: design, definitions, and metrics","volume":"380","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002056","article-title":"Use of Expansion Factors to Estimate the Burden of Dengue in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Analysis","volume":"7","author":"EA Undurraga","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1612.100958","article-title":"Reemergence of Rabies in Chhukha District, Bhutan, 2008","volume":"16","author":"Tenzin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref31","first-page":"117","article-title":"Indicators to monitor trends in livestock production at national, regional and international levels","volume":"18","author":"P Chilonda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livestock Research for Rural Development"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","article-title":"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"381","author":"R Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-012-3244-y","article-title":"Analysis on factors related to rabies epidemic in China from 2007\u20132011","volume":"27","author":"C-p Yin","journal-title":"Virologica Sinica. 2012"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-52","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of rabies virus in Thailand: Implications for disease control","volume":"5","author":"J Denduangboripant","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000900013","article-title":"Current status of human rabies transmitted by dogs in Latin America","volume":"23","author":"MC Schneider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cadernos De Saude Publica"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref37","first-page":"e1891","article-title":"Implementation of an Intersectoral Program to Eliminate Human and Canine Rabies: The Bohol Rabies Prevention and Elimination Project","volume":"6","author":"SMD Lapiz","year":"2012"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14996","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904740106","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and economics of rabies control in dogs and humans in an African city","volume":"106","author":"J Zinsstag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-0542","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of Canine Vaccination to Prevent Human Rabies in Rural Tanzania","volume":"160","author":"MC Fitzpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000626","article-title":"The Feasibility of Canine Rabies Elimination in Africa: Dispelling Doubts with Data","volume":"4","author":"T Lembo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7717","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609122104","article-title":"Synchronous cycles of domestic dog rabies in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of control efforts","volume":"104","author":"K Hampson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002372","article-title":"Designing Programs for Eliminating Canine Rabies from Islands: Bali, Indonesia as a Case Study","volume":"7","author":"S Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9832","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60522-4","article-title":"Assessment of the 2010 global measles mortality reduction goal: results from a model of surveillance data","volume":"379","author":"E Simons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.06.009","article-title":"Human rabies focusing on dog ecology-A challenge to public health in Sri Lanka","volume":"112","author":"V Kumarapeli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000723","article-title":"Imported Episodic Rabies Increases Patient Demand for and Physician Delivery of Antirabies Prophylaxis","volume":"4","author":"Z Lardon","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.069","article-title":"Canine rabies vaccination and domestic dog population characteristics in the developing world: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"SL Davlin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref47","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Cost-description of a pilot parenteral vaccination campaign against rabies in dogs in N&apos;Djamena, Chad","volume":"11","author":"U Kayali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.054","article-title":"Rabies control in rural Africa: Evaluating strategies for effective domestic dog vaccination","volume":"27","author":"M Kaare","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"95","article-title":"Can rabies be eradicated?","volume":"131","author":"CE Rupprecht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Developments in Biological Standardization (Basel)"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 4","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S693","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.Supplement_4.S693","article-title":"Organization Of Mass Vaccination For Dog Rabies In Brazil","volume":"10","author":"AJ Belotto","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003786","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431302400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T02:50:42Z","timestamp":1540263042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marilia S\u00e1","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]]}}}