{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:25:30Z","timestamp":1790724330608,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T13:57:38Z","timestamp":1431698258000},"page":"e0003753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors and Their HLA Ligands are Related with the Immunopathology of Chagas Disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Christiane Maria","family":"Ayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e2mela Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia Machado de Oliveira","family":"Dalalio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeane Eliete Laguila","family":"Visentainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila de Freitas","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana Marques","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divina Seila","family":"de Oliveira Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Sell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)\u2014Fact sheet 340."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)90035-X","article-title":"Differential tissue distribution of diverse clones of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> in infected mice","volume":"100","author":"LO Andrade","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624296","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic Chagas heart disease","volume":"115","author":"JA Marin-Neto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.233","article-title":"Autoantibodies to human heart conduction system in Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"5","author":"M Arce-Fonseca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007001000002","article-title":"Implications of genetic variability of Trypanosoma cruzi for the pathogenesis of Chagas disease","volume":"23","author":"FS Manoel-Caetano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5283-5291.2004","article-title":"Monocytes from patients with indeterminate and cardiac forms of Chagas disease display distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics associated with morbidity","volume":"72","author":"PE Souza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900032","article-title":"Immunological and non-immunological effects of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy","volume":"104","author":"E Cunha-Neto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.11.008","article-title":"Chagas cardiomyopathy\u2014where do we stand after a hundred years?","volume":"52","author":"A Biolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.637","article-title":"Characterization of inflammatory infiltrates in chronic chagasic myocardial lesions: presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha+ cells and dominance of granzyme A+, CD8+ lymphocytes","volume":"48","author":"DD Reis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.485","article-title":"Association of an increase in CD8+ T cells with the presence of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic> antigens in chronic, human, chagasic myocarditis","volume":"56","author":"MD Higuchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01668.x","article-title":"Chagasic patients with indeterminate clinical form of the disease have high frequencies of circulating CD3+CD16\u2013CD56+ natural killer T cells and CD4+CD25 high regulatory T lymphocytes","volume":"62","author":"DM Vitelli-Avelar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03123.x","article-title":"Are increased frequency of macrophage-like and natural killer (NK) cells, together with high levels of NKT and CD4+CD25high T cells balancing activated CD8+ T cells, the key to control Chagas\u2019 disease morbidity?","volume":"145","author":"DM Vitelli-Avelar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000900031","article-title":"Martins-Filho AO Innate immunity and regulatory T-cells in human Chagas disease: what must be understood?","volume":"104","author":"R Sathler-Avelar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90097-S","article-title":"In search of the \u201cmissing self\u201d: MHC molecules and NK cell recognition","volume":"11","author":"HG Ljunggren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03208.x","article-title":"The extensive polymorphism of KIR genes","volume":"129","author":"D Middleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1086\/315072","article-title":"Early CD69 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with dengue haemorrhagic fever","volume":"180","author":"S Green","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng934","article-title":"Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS","volume":"31","author":"MP Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Gen"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070695","article-title":"Differential natural killer cell-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 replication based on distinct KIR\/HLA subtypes","volume":"204","author":"G Alter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.02.001","article-title":"HLA-C and KIR genes in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"66","author":"MA Montes-Cano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.08.017","article-title":"KIR genes and their human leukocyte antigen ligands in the progression to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"72","author":"AV Marangon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00685.x","article-title":"Study of KIR genes in tuberculosis patients","volume":"68","author":"A M\u00e9ndez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.4238\/2012.May.15.7","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese Han","volume":"11","author":"C Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2008.01127.x","article-title":"Association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes and leprosy in Brazil","volume":"72","author":"DS Franceschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-438","article-title":"Influence of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in the pathogenesis of leprosy in a hyperendemic population of Rondon\u00f3polis, Southern Brazil","volume":"14","author":"LR Jarduli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0401-z","article-title":"KIR3DL1\/S1 genotypes and KIR2DS4 allelic variants in the AB KIR genotypes are associated with Plasmodium-positive individuals in malaria infection","volume":"61","author":"M Taniguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01818.x","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and malaria caused by <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> in The Gambia","volume":"79","author":"LM Yindom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002565","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002565","article-title":"Significant association of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination with cerebral malaria and implications for co-evolution of KIR and HLA","volume":"8","author":"K Hirayasu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39991","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039991","article-title":"Activating KIR and HLA Bw4 ligands are associated to decreased susceptibility to Pemphigus Foliaceus, an autoimmune blistering skin disease","volume":"7","author":"DG Augusto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.05.008","article-title":"Gene for the activating natural killer cell receptor, KIR2DS1, is associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"65","author":"W Luszczek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20216","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with scleroderma","volume":"50","author":"T Momot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.10.1159","article-title":"Major histocompatiblity complex class I recognizing receptors are disease risk genes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"193","author":"JH Yen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0396-5","article-title":"Susceptibility to Crohn&apos;s disease is mediated by KIR2DL2\/KIR2DL3 heterozygosity and the HLA-C ligand","volume":"61","author":"JA Hollenbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042158","article-title":"Hierarchy of resistance to cervical neoplasia mediated by combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci","volume":"201","author":"M Carrington","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.07.325","article-title":"Activating KIR2DS5 receptor is a risk for thyroid cancer","volume":"73","author":"E Ashouri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.07.323","article-title":"KIR2DL2\/S2 and HLA-C C1C1 genotype is associated with better response to treatment and prolonged survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in a Polish Caucasian population","volume":"73","author":"A Wi\u015bniewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084940","article-title":"Genetic Diversity of the KIR\/HLA System and Outcome of Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"V De Re","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5581\/1516-8484.20110033","article-title":"Importance of immunoglobulin-like receptors in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"33","author":"DS Franceschi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Hematol Homoter"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"597","article-title":"HLA polymorphism and evaluation of European, African, and Amerindian contribution to the white and mulatto populations from Paran\u00e1, Brazil","volume":"72","author":"CM Probst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"651","article-title":"DNA extraction from coagulated human blood for application in genotyping techniques for human leukocyte antigen and immunoglobulin-like receptors","volume":"42","author":"DM Cardozo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2008.06.003","article-title":"The Yin and Yang of HLA and KIR in human disease","volume":"20","author":"S Kulkarni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.1.33","article-title":"Allele-specific and peptide-dependent interactions between KIR3DL1 and HLA-A and HLA-B","volume":"178","author":"H Thananchai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2008.09.002","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene diversity in a Southern Brazilian population from the state of Paran\u00e1","volume":"69","author":"CC Rudnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00459.x","article-title":"KIR and disease: a model system or system of models?","volume":"214","author":"SI Khakoo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"336","article-title":"Diverse functionality among human NK cell receptors for the C1 epitope of HLA-C: KIR2DS2, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3","volume":"22","author":"AK Moesta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097670","article-title":"HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"305","author":"SI Khakoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.5.4.6","article-title":"Hanging in balance. KIR and their role in disease","volume":"5","author":"AP Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Interv"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4273","article-title":"Cutting edge heterozygote advantage in autoimmune disease: hierarchy of protection\/susceptibility conferred by HLA and killer Ig-like receptor combinations in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"173","author":"GW Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.7.080505.115726","article-title":"The killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene cluster: tuning the genome for defence","volume":"7","author":"AA Bashirova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301580","article-title":"Large spectrum of HLA-C recognition by killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) 2DL2 and KIR2DL3 and restricted C1 specificity of KIR2DS2: dominant impact of KIR2DL2\/KIR2DS2 on KIR2D NK cell repertoire formation","volume":"191","author":"G David","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2009.01235.x","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR2DL2 and\/or KIR2DS2) in presence of their ligand (HLA-C1 group) protect against chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"73","author":"D Middleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04095.x","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in systemic sclerosis","volume":"160","author":"PH Salim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.06.019","article-title":"Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors","volume":"71","author":"S Al Omar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken503","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"48","author":"DP Lowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"59","article-title":"New concepts on the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: myocardial gene and protein expression profiles","volume":"39","author":"E Cunha-Neto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.04.010","article-title":"Infection and autoimmunity: are we winning the war, only to lose the peace?","volume":"20","author":"A Cooke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003753","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T01:07:06Z","timestamp":1566695226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003753"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mauricio Martins","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003753","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]]}}}