{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:13:58Z","timestamp":1791191638925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T18:00:09Z","timestamp":1432317609000},"page":"e0003789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Competence of Cimex lectularius Bed Bugs for the Transmission of Bartonella quintana, the Agent of Trench Fever"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hamza","family":"Leulmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idir","family":"Bitam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Michel","family":"Berenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Lepidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Almeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Parola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09462-X","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> in human erythrocytes","volume":"360","author":"JM Rolain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1086\/427041","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> in a 4000-year-old human tooth","volume":"191","author":"M Drancourt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1086\/498534","article-title":"Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon&apos;s Grand Army in Vilnius","volume":"193","author":"D Raoult","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232301","article-title":"The agent of bacillary angiomatosis: an approach to the identification of uncultured pathogens","volume":"323","author":"DA Relman","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502163320702","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana<\/italic> endocarditis in three homeless men","volume":"332","author":"M Drancourt","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.4.1044","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella (Rochalimaea)<\/italic> species as a cause of apparent &quot;culture-negative&quot; endocarditis","volume":"20","author":"DH Spach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199502163320703","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana<\/italic> bacteremia in inner-city patients with chronic alcoholism","volume":"332","author":"DH Spach","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901213400303","article-title":"Chronic <italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> bacteremia in homeless patients","volume":"340","author":"P Brouqui","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90102-3","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana<\/italic> isolation in patient with chronic adenopathy, lymphopenia, and a cat","volume":"343","author":"D Raoult","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.006","article-title":"Pathogenicity and treatment of Bartonella infections","volume":"44","author":"E Angelakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07376.x","article-title":"Clinical impact of persistent Bartonella bacteremia in humans and animals","volume":"990","author":"BB Chomel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.090054","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> in body lice and head lice from homeless persons, San Francisco, California, USA","volume":"15","author":"DL Bonilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00804.x","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> in head louse nits","volume":"62","author":"E Angelakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2011.04.005","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella species<\/italic> and their ectoparasites: selective host adaptation or strain selection between the vector and the mammalian host?","volume":"34","author":"YL Tsai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110186","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> transmission from mite to family with high socioeconomic status","volume":"18","author":"O Melter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020278","article-title":"Molecular detection of <italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic>, <italic>B<\/italic>. <italic>koehlerae<\/italic>, <italic>B<\/italic>. <italic>henselae<\/italic>, <italic>B<\/italic>. <italic>clarridgeiae<\/italic>, <italic>Rickettsia felis<\/italic>, and <italic>Wolbachia pipientis<\/italic> in cat fleas, France","volume":"9","author":"JM Rolain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12663","article-title":"Acquisition and excretion of <italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> by the cat flea, <italic>Ctenocephalides felis felis<\/italic>","volume":"23","author":"T Kernif","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0182","article-title":"<italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic> in <italic>Cimex hemipterus<\/italic>, Rwanda","volume":"89","author":"E Angelakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07434.x","article-title":"Experimental infection of human erythrocytes from alcoholic patients with <italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic>","volume":"990","author":"JM Rolain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.05.014","article-title":"Ivermectin causes <italic>Cimex lectularius<\/italic> (bedbug) morbidity and mortality","volume":"45","author":"JM Sheele","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1707-1709.2001","article-title":"Detection and culture of <italic>Bartonella quintana<\/italic>, <italic>Serratia marcescens<\/italic>, and <italic>Acinetobacter<\/italic> spp. from decontaminated human body lice","volume":"39","author":"SB La","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1309\/R0KQ-823A-BTC7-MUUJ","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of valvular lesions during Bartonella endocarditis","volume":"114","author":"H Lepidi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05015-11","article-title":"Bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options","volume":"25","author":"SL Doggett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"8","article-title":"Bed bugs, public health, and social justice: Part 1, A call to action","volume":"73","author":"C Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Environ Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03804.x","article-title":"Resurgence of bedbugs in southern France: a local problem or the tip of the iceberg?","volume":"25","author":"BA Levy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2006.12.002","article-title":"Bedbug infestations recorded in Central Italy","volume":"56","author":"M Masetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7242.1141","article-title":"Is infestation with the common bedbug increasing?","volume":"320","author":"J Paul","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1104.041126","article-title":"Bed bug infestations in an urban environment","volume":"11","author":"SW Hwang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2010.00063.x","article-title":"Survey of bed bugs in infested premises in Malaysia and Singapore","volume":"35","author":"YF How","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.4.269","article-title":"Reemergence of the bedbug <italic>Cimex lectularius<\/italic> in Seoul, Korea","volume":"46","author":"IY Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"548","article-title":"The life cycle and effectiveness of insecticides against the bed bugs of Thailand","volume":"41","author":"S Suwannayod","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11003","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in bedbugs in Thailand and laboratory evaluation of insecticides for the control of <italic>Cimex hemipterus<\/italic> and <italic>Cimex lectularius<\/italic> (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)","volume":"48","author":"A Tawatsin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"222","article-title":"Bedbug infestation and its control practices in Gbajimba: a rural settlement in Benue state, Nigeria","volume":"47","author":"EA Omudu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq102","article-title":"Bedbugs and infectious diseases","volume":"52","author":"P Delaunay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.405","article-title":"Bed bugs (<italic>Cimex lectularius)<\/italic> and clinical consequences of their bites","volume":"301","author":"J Goddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(63)90032-4","article-title":"Are bed bugs vectors of filariasis?","volume":"57","author":"GS Nelson","year":"1963","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"171","article-title":"Experimental assessment of bedbugs (C<italic>imex lectularius<\/italic> and <italic>Cimex hemipterus<\/italic>) and mosquitoes (<italic>Aedes aegypti formosus<\/italic>) as vectors of human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"1","author":"PG Jupp","year":"1987","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.6.970","article-title":"Potential for insect transmission of HIV: experimental exposure of <italic>Cimex hemipterus<\/italic> and <italic>Toxorhynchites amboinensis<\/italic> to human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"160","author":"PA Webb","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"777","article-title":"LXXXII Notes on the development of <italic>Bacillus pestis<\/italic> in bugs (<italic>Cimex lectularius<\/italic>) and their power to convey infection","volume":"14","author":"AW Bacot","year":"1915","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"162","article-title":"The part played by insects in the epidemiology of plague","volume":"8","author":"DT Verjbitzki","year":"1906","journal-title":"Journal de physiologie et pathologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"455","article-title":"Conservation du bacille pesteux dans le corps des punaises","volume":"22","author":"V Jordansky","year":"1908","journal-title":"Annales de l'Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"598","article-title":"Infection of the common bedbug (<italic>Cimex lectularius L<\/italic>) with hepatitis B virus in South Africa","volume":"53","author":"PG Jupp","year":"1978","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/140.3.411","article-title":"Persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen in the bedbug <italic>Cimex hemipterus<\/italic> (Fabr.)","volume":"140","author":"CW Ogston","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"54","article-title":"Transmission experiments with hepatitis B surface antigen and the common bedbug (<italic>Cimex lectularius L<\/italic>)","volume":"56","author":"PG Jupp","year":"1979","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.5.694","article-title":"Stercorarial shedding and transtadial transmission of hepatitis B virus by common bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)","volume":"38","author":"JA Blow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Salazar R, Castillo-Neyra R, Tustin AW, Borrini-Mayori K, Naquira C, Levy MZ (2014) Bed Bugs (<italic>Cimex lectularius<\/italic>) as Vectors of <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/italic>. Am J Trop Med Hyg. ajtmh.14-0483 [pii]."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11282","article-title":"Artificial infection of the bed bug with <italic>Rickettsia parkeri<\/italic>","volume":"49","author":"J Goddard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2012.10.004","article-title":"<italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/italic> an in vitro potential vector for five <italic>Bartonella species<\/italic>","volume":"36","author":"E Bouhsira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4747","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12408","article-title":"Vertical nontransovarial transmission of Bartonella in fleas","volume":"22","author":"D Morick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e911","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000911","article-title":"Ecology and transmission of Buruli ulcer disease: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"RW Merritt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003871","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434326400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003789","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T04:17:42Z","timestamp":1540268262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003789"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael J","family":"Turell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003789","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003871","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]]}}}