{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:00:29Z","timestamp":1790949629086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T17:53:06Z","timestamp":1436896386000},"page":"e0003926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["A Madurella mycetomatis Grain Model in Galleria mellonella Larvae"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Wendy","family":"Kloezen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"van Helvert-van Poppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy W. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002550","article-title":"Global burden of human mycetoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"WWJ Van de Sande","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01131-4","article-title":"Mycetoma caused by <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic>: a neglected infectious burden","volume":"4","author":"AO Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651992000600018","article-title":"Medical Mycology","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057774","article-title":"A histopathological exploration of the Madurella mycetomatis grain","volume":"8","author":"AI Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"497","article-title":"Black grain mycetoma. Atomic absorption and spark source mass spectrophotometry of the tissue grain in Madurella mycetomi infection","volume":"97","author":"GH Findlay","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.05.015","article-title":"Melanin biosynthesis in <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> and its effect on susceptibility to itraconazole and ketoconazole","volume":"9","author":"WW van de Sande","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00096-8","article-title":"A murine model of <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> eumycetoma","volume":"37","author":"AO Ahmed","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"297","article-title":"Black grain mycetoma. A study of the chemistry, formation and significance of the tissue grain in <italic>Madurella mycetomi<\/italic> infection","volume":"91","author":"GH Findlay","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(81)90003-7","article-title":"Experimental mycetoma infection in the goat","volume":"91","author":"SA Gumaa","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177485380331","article-title":"Attempts to induce mycetoma in monkeys and mice using <italic>Madurella mycetomi<\/italic>","volume":"12","author":"LL Cavanagh","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/00362177885380281","article-title":"Experimental infection of athymic nude New Zealand mice, nu nu strain with mycetoma agents","volume":"16","author":"ES Mahgoub","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(60)90114-0","article-title":"Experimental infection of mice with <italic>Madurella mycetomi<\/italic>","volume":"54","author":"JG Murray","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00617.x","article-title":"Correlation between virulence of <italic>Candida albican<\/italic>s mutants in mice and <italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> larvae","volume":"34","author":"M Brennan","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.27434","article-title":"<italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> as a model host to study virulence of Candida","volume":"5","author":"I Jacobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.737031","article-title":"The non-mammalian host <italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> can be used to study the virulence of the fungal pathogen <italic>Candida tropicalis<\/italic> and the efficacy of antifungal drugs during infection by this pathogenic yeast","volume":"51","author":"AC Mesa-Arango","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.3842-3850.2005","article-title":"<italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> as a model system to study <italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/italic> pathogenesis","volume":"73","author":"E Mylonakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-006-0021-1","article-title":"Susceptibility of larvae of <italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> to infection by <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic> is dependent upon stage of conidial germination","volume":"161","author":"J Renwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.523852","article-title":"Pathogenicity of <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/italic> mutants assessed in <italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> matches that in mice","volume":"49","author":"JL Slater","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.23047","article-title":"<italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic> as a model host to study <italic>Paracoccidioides lutzii<\/italic> and <italic>Histoplasma capsulatum<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"L Thomaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.25906","article-title":"An analysis of the structural and functional similarities of insect hemocytes and mammalian phagocytes","volume":"4","author":"N Browne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002451","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002451","article-title":"Selecting an invertebrate model host for the study of fungal pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"A Desalermos","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4349-4356.2005","article-title":"Genotyping of <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> by Selective Amplification of Restriction Fragments (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and Subtype Correlation with Geographical Origin and Lesion Size","volume":"43","author":"WW van de Sande","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3175-3178.1999","article-title":"Development of a species-specific PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis procedure for identification of <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic>","volume":"37","author":"AO Ahmed","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2014.2428","article-title":"A histological procedure to study fungal infection in the wax moth <italic>Galleria mellonella<\/italic>","volume":"58","author":"F Perdoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060047","article-title":"Antifungal efficacy during <italic>Candida krusei<\/italic> infection in non-conventional models correlates with the yeast in vitro susceptibility profile","volume":"8","author":"L Scorzoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002667","article-title":"The mycetoma knowledge gap: identification of research priorities","volume":"8","author":"WWJ van de Sande","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2918","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002918","article-title":"Merits and pitfalls of the currently used diagnostic tools in mycetoma","volume":"8","author":"WWJ Van de Sande","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2742-2746.2004","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic> susceptibilities of <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> to itraconazole and amphotericin B assessed by a modified NCCLS method and a viability-based 2,3-Bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5- sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay","volume":"48","author":"AO Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1364-1368.2005","article-title":"Testing of the in vitro susceptibilities of <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> to six antifungal agents by using the sensititre system in comparison with a viability-based 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5- [(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and a modified NCCLS method","volume":"49","author":"WWJ van de Sande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"156","article-title":"Chemotherapy of maduromycosis. I. Preliminary experiments with diamidinodi-phenylamine dihydrochloride and amphotericin B in vivo and in vitro","volume":"56","author":"IG Murray","year":"1962","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Amphotericin B but not itraconazole is able to prevent grain formation in experimental <italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/italic> mycetoma in mice","author":"WWJ van de Sande","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:53:34Z","timestamp":1599267214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003926"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bodo","family":"Wanke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003926","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]}}}