{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:19:06Z","timestamp":1791569946873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T18:04:03Z","timestamp":1438193043000},"page":"e0003940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Co-endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum and Intestinal Helminths Infection in School Age Children in Rural Communities of Kwara State Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ayodele","family":"Adedoja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bukola Deborah","family":"Tijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajibola A.","family":"Akanbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiwo A.","family":"Ojurongbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseyi A.","family":"Adeyeba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusola","family":"Ojurongbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3283524d90","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria and helminth interaction: a review from 2001 to 2011","volume":"7","author":"AA Adegnika","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/913696","article-title":"Helminth Parasites Alter Protection against Plasmodium Infection","volume":"2014","author":"VH Salazar-Casta\u00f1on","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03342","article-title":"The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"434","author":"RW Snow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Disease Burden","volume":"3","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.10.014","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of parasite co-infection: Determinants and geostatistical prediction at regional scales","volume":"39","author":"S Brooker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003660","article-title":"Distribution and Risk Factors for Plasmodium and Helminth Co-infections: A Cross-Sectional Survey among Children in Bagamoyo District, Coastal Region of Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"N Salim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.06.007","article-title":"The role of residential location in apparent helminth and malaria associations","volume":"22","author":"M Booth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis396","article-title":"Ficolin-2 levels and FCN2 genetic polymorphisms as a susceptibility factor in schistosomiasis","volume":"206","author":"EA Ouf","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt086","article-title":"Malaria and soil-transmitted intestinal helminth co-infection and its effect on anemia: a meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"C Naing","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000158","article-title":"Decision-Model Estimation of the Age-Specific Disability Weight for Schistosomiasis Japonica: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"2","author":"JL Finkelstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.649S","article-title":"A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children","volume":"131","author":"S Grantham-McGregor","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.540","article-title":"Helminth infection and cognitive impairment among Filipino children","volume":"72","author":"AE Ezeamama","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-43","article-title":"Increase of malaria attacks among children presenting concomitant infection by Schistosoma mansoni in Senegal","volume":"3","author":"C Sokhna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.702","article-title":"Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and schistosoma haematobium: protective effect of schistosomiasis on malaria in senegalese children?","volume":"72","author":"V Briand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00284.x","article-title":"Ascaris lumbricoides infection is associated with protection from cerebral malaria","volume":"22","author":"M Nacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.10.009","article-title":"Severe malaria attack is associated with high prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection among children in rural Senegal","volume":"98","author":"J-Y Le Hesran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90117-9","article-title":"Increased frequency of malaria attacks in subjects co-infected by intestinal worms and Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"97","author":"A Spiegel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"680","article-title":"Asymptomatic falciparum malaria and intestinal helminths co-infection among school children in Osogbo, Nigeria","volume":"16","author":"O Ojurongbe","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci Off J Isfahan Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"305","article-title":"Prevalence and transmission pattern of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Osogbo metropolis, southwest, Nigeria","volume":"36","author":"TO Ogungbamigbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr J Med Med Sci"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"15","article-title":"Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria and Intestinal Helminthiasis Co-infection among Children Living in Selected Rural Communities in Ibadan Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"I. O Ajayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Dada-Adegbola H, Oluwatoba O, Falade C. Asymptomatic malaria and intestinal helminth co-infection among children in a rural community in Southwest Nigeria. 2013;4: 6 pages."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086510","article-title":"Malaria and Helminth Co-Infections in School and Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Magu District, North-Western Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"SM Kinung\u2019hi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-99","article-title":"The co-distribution of Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm among African schoolchildren","volume":"5","author":"S Brooker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000448","article-title":"Intestinal helminths and malnutrition are independently associated with protection from cerebral malaria in Thailand","volume":"96","author":"M Nacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Kwara State\u2014Cities By Population. In: 2014 Population List [Internet]. 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.populationlist.com\/Kwara_State\/30\/2041103\/state-population\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.populationlist.com\/Kwara_State\/30\/2041103\/state-population<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-41","article-title":"Rapid detection of Pfcrt and Pfmdr1 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates by FRET and in vivo response to chloroquine among children from Osogbo, Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"O Ojurongbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-895R.1","article-title":"Malaria and helminth co-infection in children living in a malaria endemic setting of mount Cameroon and predictors of anemia","volume":"92","author":"TK Nkuo-Akenji","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"65","article-title":"Usefulness of Kato-Katz and trichrome staining as diagnostic methods for parasitic infections in clinical laboratories","volume":"3","author":"MA Idris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Sci Res Med Sci Sultan Qaboos Univ"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4314\/sljbr.v3i1.66651","article-title":"Intestinal Helminthiasis among School Children in Ilie, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"O Adefioye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sierra Leone J Biomed Res"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"99","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in pre-school children in the Niger Delta","volume":"30","author":"FO Arene","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pattern of infection of intestinal parasites in Sagbama community of the Niger Delta, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"PI Agi","year":"1995","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.3660","article-title":"Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques","volume":"8","author":"S Fortunato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X118468","article-title":"Malaria and helminth interactions in humans: an epidemiological viewpoint","volume":"100","author":"TW Mwangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1086\/591183","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum and Helminth Coinfection in a Semiurban Population of Pregnant Women in Uganda","volume":"198","author":"SD Hillier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"621","article-title":"Prevalence of Schistosomiasis and Other Intestinal Helminth Parasites among School Children in Bida, Niger State, Nigeria","volume":"48","author":"B Barnabas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Sci Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(87)90061-5","article-title":"Asymptomatic malaria infections\u2014do they matter?","volume":"3","author":"BM Greenwood","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitol Today Pers Ed"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006344","article-title":"Age- and species-specific duration of infection in asymptomatic malaria infections in Papua New Guinea","volume":"121","author":"MC Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01277.x","article-title":"Asymptomatic parasitaemia as a risk factor for symptomatic malaria in a cohort of Ugandan children","volume":"9","author":"D Njama-Meya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-168","article-title":"Malaria prevalence, anemia and baseline intervention coverage prior to mass net distributions in Abia and Plateau States, Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"GS Noland","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht034","article-title":"Possible determinants and spatial patterns of anaemia among young children in Nigeria: a Bayesian semi-parametric modelling","volume":"6","author":"E Gayawan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4297\/najms.2011.330","article-title":"A significant association between intestinal helminth infection and anaemia burden in children in rural communities of Edo state, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"F Osazuwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"North Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-296","article-title":"Anaemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Gilgel Gibe dam area, Southwest Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"M Getachew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.06.007","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum and helminth coinfections among schoolchildren in relation to agro-ecosystems in Mvomero District, Tanzania","volume":"120","author":"LEG Mboera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000882","article-title":"Impact of schistosome infection on Plasmodium falciparum Malariometric indices and immune correlates in school age children in Burma Valley, Zimbabwe","volume":"4","author":"DT Sangweme","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003940","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T21:30:42Z","timestamp":1567027842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003940"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeremiah M.","family":"Ngondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]}}}