{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:39:06Z","timestamp":1778603946895,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T18:14:08Z","timestamp":1441217648000},"page":"e0004061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A Polymorphism in the Chitotriosidase Gene Associated with Risk of Mycetoma Due to Madurella mycetomatis Mycetoma\u2013A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Patricia E. B.","family":"Verwer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte C.","family":"Notenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Eadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed H.","family":"Fahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri A.","family":"Verbrugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy W. J.","family":"van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002550","article-title":"Global burden of human mycetoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"WW van de Sande","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75848","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075848","article-title":"Evidence Supporting a Role for Mammalian Chitinases in Efficacy of Caspofungin against Experimental Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Rats","volume":"8","author":"PE Verwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.1031-1036.2002","article-title":"Environmental occurrence of Madurella mycetomatis, the major agent of human eumycetoma in Sudan","volume":"40","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3065","article-title":"Polymorphisms in genes involved in innate immunity predispose toward mycetoma susceptibility","volume":"179","author":"WW van de Sande","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002241","article-title":"Association of eumycetoma and schistosomiasis","volume":"7","author":"JJ van Hellemond","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3109\/13693781003636680","article-title":"Polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase and cytochrome p450 subfamily 19 genes predispose towards Madurella mycetomatis-induced mycetoma susceptibility","volume":"48","author":"WW van de Sande","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medical mycology: official publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2012.745201","article-title":"The association between the interleukin-10 cytokine and CC chemokine ligand 5 polymorphisms and mycetoma granuloma formation","volume":"51","author":"NA Mhmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical mycology: official publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2754","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002754","article-title":"Active Matrix Metalloprotease-9 Is Associated with the Collagen Capsule Surrounding the Madurella mycetomatis Grain in Mycetoma","volume":"8","author":"K Geneugelijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057774","article-title":"A histopathological exploration of the Madurella mycetomatis grain","volume":"8","author":"AI Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219580000041","article-title":"The host tissue reaction to Madurella mycetomatis: new classification","volume":"33","author":"AH Fahal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of medical and veterinary mycology: bi-monthly publication of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology"},{"issue":"5677","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095336","article-title":"Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation","volume":"304","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363767","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in molecules of innate immunity and susceptibility to infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in South India","volume":"2","author":"EH Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes and immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3390\/md8051482","article-title":"Production of chitooligosaccharides and their potential applications in medicine","volume":"8","author":"BB Aam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Marine drugs"},{"issue":"40","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25680","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.40.25680","article-title":"The human chitotriosidase gene. Nature of inherited enzyme deficiency","volume":"273","author":"RG Boot","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2012.08.008","article-title":"CHIT1 genetic defects in the Portuguese population","volume":"50","author":"AJ Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood cells, molecules & diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.03.017","article-title":"The effects of an insertion in the 5&apos;UTR of the AMCase on gene expression and pulmonary functions","volume":"105","author":"E Birben","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respiratory medicine"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19650","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.012443","article-title":"Differential enzymatic activity of common haplotypic versions of the human acidic Mammalian chitinase protein","volume":"284","author":"MA Seibold","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref18","first-page":"1577","article-title":"Calcofluor white alters the assembly of chitin fibrils in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans cells","volume":"129","author":"MV Elorza","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of general microbiology"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07259.x","article-title":"Common G102S polymorphism in chitotriosidase differentially affects activity towards 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates","volume":"276","author":"AP Bussink","year":"2009","journal-title":"The FEBS journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.08.023","article-title":"Chitotriosidase is the primary active chitinase in the human lung and is modulated by genotype and smoking habit","volume":"122","author":"MA Seibold","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-890OC","article-title":"Polymorphisms and haplotypes of acid mammalian chitinase are associated with bronchial asthma","volume":"172","author":"S Bierbaum","year":"2005","journal-title":"American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009117","article-title":"Production of microbial chitinases\u2014A revisit","volume":"23","author":"PA Felse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bioprocess Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-1127-1","article-title":"Genetic association between human chitinases and lung function in COPD","volume":"131","author":"F Aminuddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2006.00597.x","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of chitotriosidase in Caucasian children with bronchial asthma","volume":"33","author":"S Bierbaum","year":"2006","journal-title":"International journal of immunogenetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002081","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of mycetoma patients react differently to Madurella mycetomatis antigens than healthy endemic controls","volume":"7","author":"EA Elagab","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90346-3","article-title":"The immunopathology of actinomycetoma lesions caused by Streptomyces somaliensis","volume":"95","author":"AM el Hassan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2428-2432.1999","article-title":"Immune response to Nocardia brasiliensis antigens in an experimental model of actinomycetoma in BALB\/c mice","volume":"67","author":"MC Salinas-Carmona","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3655","article-title":"Global gene expression profiles during acute pathogen-induced pulmonary inflammation reveal divergent roles for Th1 and Th2 responses in tissue repair","volume":"171","author":"NG Sandler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-637","article-title":"Signatures of selection in sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to gastrointestinal nematodes","volume":"15","author":"KM McRae","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005","article-title":"Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells","volume":"73","author":"MG Nair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and immunity"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/117727190700200023","article-title":"Human chitinases and chitinase-like proteins as indicators for inflammation and cancer","volume":"2","author":"J Kzhyshkowska","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomarker insights"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref32","first-page":"557","article-title":"The mechanism of the anticancer function of M1 macrophages and their use in the clinic","volume":"31","author":"XQ Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese journal of cancer"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T22:31:12Z","timestamp":1599517872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004061"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Todd","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]}}}