{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:25:36Z","timestamp":1791311136875,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T13:56:29Z","timestamp":1442325389000},"page":"e0004077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Genome-Wide Scan and Test of Candidate Genes in the Snail Biomphalaria glabrata Reveal New Locus Influencing Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Tennessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin M.","family":"Bonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie R.","family":"Bollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel A.","family":"Johnstun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Ying","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Marine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah F.","family":"Tavalire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Bayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Blouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"942","article-title":"Exploiting the potential of vector control for disease prevention","volume":"83","author":"H Townson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000600","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000600","article-title":"Exceptional diversity, maintenance of polymorphism, and recent directional selection on the APL1 malaria resistance genes of <italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"SM Rottschaefer","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005067","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005067","article-title":"Hyperdiverse gene cluster in snail host conveys resistance to human schistosome parasites","volume":"11","author":"JA Tennessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03401","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03401","article-title":"Concerning RNA-guided gene drives for the alteration of wild populations","volume":"3","author":"KM Esvelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.006","article-title":"Transmission control for schistosomiasis\u2014why it matters now","volume":"22","author":"CH King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66457-4","article-title":"Reassessment of the cost of chronic helmintic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis","volume":"365","author":"CH King","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"P Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.012","article-title":"Parasites and poverty: The case of schistosomiasis","volume":"113","author":"CH King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases: Opportunities for Integrated Intervention Strategies","author":"CH King","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7936","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201208390","article-title":"Schistosomiasis chemotherapy","volume":"52","author":"SA Th\u00e9tiot-Laurent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009000493","article-title":"Praziquantel: its use in control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa and current research needs","volume":"136","author":"MJ Doenhoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.83","article-title":"Drug resistant schistosomiasis: Resistance to praziquantel and oxaminquine induced in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> in mice is drug specific","volume":"51","author":"PG Fallon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000504","article-title":"Reduced susceptibility to praziquantel among naturally occurring Kenyan isolates of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"3","author":"SD Melman","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f19ec4","article-title":"Artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes in the treatment of helminth infections","volume":"20","author":"J Keiser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Still hope for schistosomiasis vaccine","author":"A Ricciardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.2307\/3282295","article-title":"The genetic variation of compatibility in <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> and <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"73","author":"CS Richards","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90015-T","article-title":"Genetics of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> and its effect on the outcome of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection","volume":"8","author":"CS Richards","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1510","article-title":"The identification of markers segregating with resistance to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection in the snail <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>","volume":"96","author":"M Knight","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1086\/424607","article-title":"Do hosts and parasites coevolve? Empirical support from the Schistosoma system","volume":"164","author":"JP Webster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Nat"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011242107","article-title":"Role for a somatically diversified lectin in resistance of an invertebrate to parasite infection","volume":"107","author":"PC Hanington","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1591","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001591","article-title":"A somatically diversified defense factor, FREP3, is a determinant of snail resistance to schistosome infection","volume":"6","author":"PC Hanington","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002677","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002677","article-title":"Reversing the resistance phenotype of the <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> snail host <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection by temperature modulation","volume":"8","author":"W Ittiprasert","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.11.004","article-title":"Resistance of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> 13-16-R1 snails to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> PR1 is a function of haemocyte abundance and constitutive levels of specific transcripts in haemocytes","volume":"44","author":"MK Larson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.02.009","article-title":"<italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> cytosolic copper\/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene: Association of SOD1 alleles with resistance\/susceptibility to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"147","author":"CP Goodall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001701","article-title":"Effects of Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) genotype and genetic background on growth, reproduction and defense in <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>","volume":"6","author":"KM Bonner","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.10.020","article-title":"Three genes involved in the oxidative burst are closely linked in the genome of the snail, <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>","volume":"43","author":"MS Blouin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.03.007","article-title":"Identification and characterisation of functional expressed sequence tags-derived simple sequence repeats (eSSR) markers for genetic linkage mapping of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> juvenile resistance and susceptibility loci in <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>","volume":"43","author":"W Ittiprasert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/3273814","article-title":"The establishment of a strain of <italic>Australorbis glabratus<\/italic> which combines albinism and high susceptibility to infection with <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"41","author":"WL Newton","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1972.21.425","article-title":"Genetic factors in susceptibility of juvenile <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection","volume":"21","author":"CS Richards","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01977.x","article-title":"Phylogeography of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> and <italic>B<\/italic>. <italic>pfeifferi<\/italic>, important intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in the New and Old World tropics","volume":"12","author":"RJ DeJong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-415R","article-title":"Respiratory burst of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> hemocytes: <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>-resistant snails produce more extracellular H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> than susceptible snails","volume":"91","author":"RC Bender","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003376","article-title":"Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers","volume":"3","author":"NA Baird","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Adema, C. <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> genome Assembly BglaB1 on Vectorbase. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.vectorbase.org\/organisms\/biomphalaria-glabrata\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.vectorbase.org\/organisms\/biomphalaria-glabrata<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler Transform","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The Sequence alignment\/map (SAM) format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2011.02987.x","article-title":"Comparison of F<sub>ST<\/sub> outlier tests for SNP loci under selection","volume":"11","author":"SR Narum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Ecol Resour"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457","article-title":"Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps","volume":"21","author":"JC Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003216","article-title":"Biomphalysin, a new \u03b2 pore-forming toxin involved in <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> immune defense against <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"R Galinier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogen"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit021","article-title":"Association of human leukocyte antigen alleles and nevirapine hypersensitivity in a Malawian HIV-infected population","volume":"56","author":"DF Carr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12057","article-title":"Interpretation of odds and risk ratios","volume":"27","author":"AM O\u2019Connor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404","article-title":"The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial","volume":"26","author":"C Clopper","year":"1934","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.06.031","article-title":"N-Glycosylation patterns of hemolymph glycoproteins from <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> strains expressing different susceptibility to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> infection","volume":"126","author":"T Lehr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(02)00091-5","article-title":"The FREP gene family in the snail <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>: additional members, and evidence consistent with alternative splicing and FREP retrosequences","volume":"27","author":"SM Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-0986-4","article-title":"Spreading by snail (<italic>Lymnaea stagnalis<\/italic>) defence cells is regulated through integrated PKC, FAK and Src signalling","volume":"341","author":"AJ Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.06.011","article-title":"Constitutive differences in Cu\/Zn superoxide dismutase mRNA levels and activity in hemocytes of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> (Mollusca) that are either susceptible or resistant to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> (Trematoda)","volume":"137","author":"C Goodall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2006.12.005","article-title":"Variation in expression of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> SOD1: a potential controlling factor in susceptibility\/resistance to <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"31","author":"RC Bender","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(75)90012-0","article-title":"An interpretation of snail-trematode infection rates: specificity based on concordance of compatible phenotypes","volume":"5","author":"PF Basch","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000049696","article-title":"Genetic factors in susceptibility of <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic> for different strains of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"70","author":"CS Richards","year":"1975","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(76)90022-9","article-title":"Intermediate host specificity in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"39","author":"PF Basch","year":"1976","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2307\/2411336","article-title":"Selection and strain specificity of compatibility between snail intermediate hosts and their parasitic schistosomes","volume":"52","author":"JP Webster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.025","article-title":"Multi-host parasite infectivity and multi-parasite host susceptibility: a new approach of the <italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/italic>\/<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> compatibility polymorphism","volume":"26","author":"A Th\u00e9ron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-91","article-title":"Is host-schistosome coevolution going anywhere?","volume":"7","author":"JP Webster","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T17:51:47Z","timestamp":1540317107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004077"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Blair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}}}