{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:11:15Z","timestamp":1790295075819,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]],"date-time":"2015-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1449792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T12:59:41Z","timestamp":1450097981000},"page":"e0004273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Parasitological Confirmation and Analysis of Leishmania Diversity in Asymptomatic and Subclinical Infection following Resolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Rosales-Chilama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael E.","family":"Gongora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Jojoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa C.","family":"Rubiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Cossio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily R.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy G.","family":"Saravia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Adelaida","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.699","article-title":"Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a longitudinal study of the natural history, prevalence, and incidence of infection and clinical manifestations","volume":"168","author":"KA Weigle","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu102","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania infection: a new challenge for Leishmania control","volume":"58","author":"OP Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800057964","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Peruvian Andes: an epidemiological study of infection and immunity","volume":"114","author":"CR Davies","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90446-4","article-title":"Infectivity of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum to colonized Phlebotomus perniciosus","volume":"88","author":"R Molina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.004","article-title":"Infectivity of seropositive dogs, showing different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, to Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies","volume":"147","author":"EM Michalsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.03.017","article-title":"Asymptomatic dogs are highly competent to transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi to the natural vector","volume":"196","author":"MD Laurenti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.046","article-title":"Comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: IgG, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis","volume":"32","author":"CB Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/505583","article-title":"Evidence for leishmania (viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients before and after treatment","volume":"194","author":"C Vergel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.02.014","article-title":"Haematogenous dissemination of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in human American tegumentary leishmaniasis","volume":"100","author":"Camera P de Oliveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref10","first-page":"131","article-title":"Leishmania panamensis transmission in the domestic environment: the results of a prospective epidemiological survey in Santander, Colombia","volume":"26","author":"G Munoz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3288","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003288","article-title":"Quantifying the contribution of hosts with different parasite concentrations to the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"E Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000819","article-title":"Viability and burden of Leishmania in extralesional sites during human dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"I Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182010001538","article-title":"Mauricio IL Molecular approaches for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population genetics of Leishmania","volume":"138","author":"G Schonian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1086\/600109","article-title":"Detection of leishmania in unaffected mucosal tissues of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) species","volume":"200","author":"RA Figueroa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.423","article-title":"Amplification of human DNA by primers targeted to Leishmania kinetoplast DNA and post-genome considerations in the detection of parasites by a polymerase chain reaction","volume":"72","author":"C Vergel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.2877-2881.1998","article-title":"A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"HA Noyes","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90200-4","article-title":"The 7SL RNA homologue of Trypanosoma brucei is closely related to mammalian 7SL RNA","volume":"51","author":"S Michaeli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13909-8","article-title":"Strategies for control of trachoma: observational study with quantitative PCR","volume":"362","author":"AW Solomon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00645-09","article-title":"Development of a multilocus microsatellite typing approach for discriminating strains of Leishmania (Viannia) species","volume":"47","author":"R Oddone","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"613","article-title":"Tests for Departure from Normality. Empirical Results for the Distributions of b2 and \u221a b1","volume":"60","author":"R D'Agostino","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"119","article-title":"Approximate is better than &apos;&apos;Exact&apos;&apos; for interval estimation of binomial proportions","volume":"52","author":"A Agresti","year":"1998","journal-title":"The American Statistician"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2011.10.006","article-title":"The molecular epidemiology of parasite infections: tools and applications","volume":"181","author":"AJ Lymbery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91945-7","article-title":"Recurrent lesions in human Leishmania braziliensis infection\u2014reactivation or reinfection?","volume":"336","author":"NG Saravia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.260","article-title":"Leishmanin skin test standardization and evaluation of safety, dose, storage, longevity of reaction and sensitization","volume":"44","author":"KA Weigle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001955","article-title":"Low parasite load estimated by qPCR in a cohort of children living in urban area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"6","author":"LH dos Santos Marques","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9","article-title":"Marsden PD Mucosal leishmaniasis (&quot;espundia&quot; Escomel, 1911)","volume":"80","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.696","article-title":"Onset of espundia after many years of occult infection with Leishmania braziliensis","volume":"22","author":"BC Walton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/313924","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis following local trauma: a clinical pearl","volume":"31","author":"GW Wortmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000400019","article-title":"Disseminated American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with AIDS","volume":"82","author":"JR Coura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"251423","article-title":"Reactivation of cutaneous leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: a case report","volume":"2014","author":"H Mortazavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Dermatol Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2006.00532.x","article-title":"Reactivation of dormant cutaneous Leishmania infection in a kidney transplant patient","volume":"33","author":"M Mirzabeigi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.13.45","article-title":"The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission","volume":"11","author":"KA Lindblade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3364","article-title":"Asymptomatic malaria infections: detectability, transmissibility and public health relevance","volume":"12","author":"T Bousema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000500006","article-title":"Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae) in peridomiciliary area during asymptomatic malaria transmission in the Atlantic Forest: molecular identification of blood-meal sources indicates humans as primary intermediate hosts","volume":"56","author":"K Kirchgatter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22\u201326 March 2010."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)00212-6","article-title":"Genotypic polymorphisms in experimental metastatic dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"69","author":"RS Pacheco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240240202","article-title":"Characterization of isolates and clones of Leishmania by analysis of kinetoplast DNA","volume":"24","author":"TW Spithill","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00104-14","article-title":"Species typing in dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"28","author":"G Van der Auwera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004273","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T13:15:53Z","timestamp":1599916553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004273"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paul Andrew","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,11]]}}}