{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:22:34Z","timestamp":1790518954728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T13:56:09Z","timestamp":1453902969000},"page":"e0004375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["The Severity of Visceral Leishmaniasis Correlates with Elevated Levels of Serum IL-6, IL-27 and sCD14"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Priscila L.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcia A.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micheli Luize B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Celina S.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle T. B.","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle F. S.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela O. M.","family":"Bomfim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Maria","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana R.","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia R.","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm S.","family":"Duthie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roque P.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Organization WH. Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22\u201326 March 2010.WHO technical report series. 2010; 949."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.6.1003","article-title":"New perspectives on a subclinical form of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"154","author":"R Badaro","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000877","article-title":"Risk factors for death in children with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"MJ Sampaio","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Imunopatog\u00eanese da Leishmaniose Visceral","volume":"75","author":"O, M Bacellar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gazeta M\u00e9dica da Bahia"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000600005","article-title":"Cytokines and visceral leishmaniasis: a comparison of plasma cytokine profiles between the clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"107","author":"AS Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000078","article-title":"Serum cytokines associated with severity and complications of kala-azar","volume":"107","author":"DL Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1999-1","article-title":"Alteration of the serum biomarker profiles of visceral leishmaniasis during treatment","volume":"33","author":"MS Duthie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0203-2013","article-title":"Severe visceral leishmaniasis in children: the relationship between cytokine patterns and clinical features","volume":"46","author":"ME Gama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir461","article-title":"IL-10 neutralization promotes parasite clearance in splenic aspirate cells from patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"204","author":"S Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.561","article-title":"Elevated plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma inducing cytokines, and IFN-gamma inducible CXC chemokines in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"71","author":"A Hailu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702009000100010","article-title":". Increased levels of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN- in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"A Khoshdel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01686.x","article-title":"Immune response in human visceral leishmaniasis: analysis of the correlation between innate immunity cytokine profile and disease outcome","volume":"62","author":"V Peruhype-Magalhaes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03171.x","article-title":"Mixed inflammatory\/regulatory cytokine profile marked by simultaneous raise of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 and low frequency of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(+) monocytes are hallmarks of active human visceral Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania chagasi infection","volume":"146","author":"V Peruhype-Magalhaes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.07.004","article-title":"Interleukin-10 and the pathogenesis of human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"28","author":"S Nylen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003588","article-title":"IL-27 and IL-21 are associated with T cell IL-10 responses in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"186","author":"NA Ansari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.003","article-title":"Interleukin-27: balancing protective and pathological immunity","volume":"37","author":"CA Hunter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.6.1354","article-title":"Bacterial infections in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"162","author":"TM Andrade","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.27024","article-title":"Gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: a brief review","volume":"5","author":"G Ramachandran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1198","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001198","article-title":"Evidence that lipopolisaccharide may contribute to the cytokine storm and cellular activation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"JR Santos-Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Sa\u00fade. BMd. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral.Bras\u00edlia: Editora do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2006."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0067-2015","article-title":"Evaluation of the reference value for the Montenegro skin test","volume":"48","author":"CM Skraba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002982","article-title":"Risk Factors for Adverse Prognosis and Death in American Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"VS Belo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2869","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002869","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection in East Africa","volume":"8","author":"E Diro","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002182","article-title":"Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"VS Belo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"301","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral: aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos relacionados aos \u00f3bitos em Mossor\u00f3-RN","volume":"42","author":"AI Leite","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Patol Tropi"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001511","article-title":"Early clinical manifestations associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"VE de Araujo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101990000500003","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis epidemic in the State of Piaui, Brazil, 1980\u20131986","volume":"24","author":"CH Costa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0168-1","article-title":"Testosterone attenuates p38 MAPK pathway during Leishmania donovani infection of macrophages","volume":"99","author":"L Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2288-2296.2002","article-title":"Gender is a major determinant of the clinical evolution and immune response in hamsters infected with Leishmania spp","volume":"70","author":"BL Travi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(48)90678-6","article-title":"Pathological processes in malaria","volume":"41","author":"B Maegraith","year":"1948","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.4.853","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"163","author":"M Barral-Netto","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.3.509-539.2004","article-title":"Pathogenesis of malaria and clinically similar conditions","volume":"17","author":"IA Clark","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000400010","article-title":"Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? A case control study","volume":"43","author":"CH Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652009000500002","article-title":"Immunoactivation and immunopathogeny during active visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"51","author":"H Goto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-113","article-title":"Balance of IL-10 and interferon-gamma plasma levels in human visceral leishmaniasis: implications in the pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"A Caldas","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.12.5949","article-title":"Restoration of IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"152","author":"EM Carvalho","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1515","article-title":"Interleukin-12 restores interferon-gamma production and cytotoxic responses in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"173","author":"O Bacellar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"171","article-title":"The immunobiology of the T cell response to Mls locus disparate stimulator cells","volume":"137","author":"CA Janeway Jr.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-331","article-title":"High levels of soluble CD40 ligand and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in serum are associated with favorable clinical evolution in human visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"FA de Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha Are Involved During Alzheimer Disease Progression and Correlate with Nitric Oxide Production: A Study in Algerian Patients","author":"M Belkhelfa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"195453","article-title":"Immunophenotype expressions and cytokine profiles of influenza A H1N1 virus infection in pediatric patients in 2009","volume":"2014","author":"SM Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.002","article-title":"Biology of interleukin-10","volume":"21","author":"R Sabat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10107","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010107","article-title":"Quantification of parasite load in clinical samples of leishmaniasis patients: IL-10 level correlates with parasite load in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"S Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0376","article-title":"Bone marrow parasite burden among patients with New World kala-azar is associated with disease severity","volume":"90","author":"JM Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Interleukin-27 Mediates Inflammation During Chronic Disease","author":"C Wynick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.11.3517","article-title":"IL-6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice","volume":"143","author":"D Aderka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)00078-9","article-title":"Inhibition of Th1 differentiation by IL-6 is mediated by SOCS1","volume":"13","author":"S Diehl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00210-9","article-title":"The two faces of IL-6 on Th1\/Th2 differentiation","volume":"39","author":"S Diehl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6734","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6734-6740.2002","article-title":"Up-regulation of Th1-type responses in mucosal leishmaniasis patients","volume":"70","author":"O Bacellar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.286","article-title":"TNF-mediated damage to glomerular endothelium is an important determinant of acute kidney injury in sepsis","volume":"85","author":"C Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"645","article-title":"Serum TNF alpha levels: a prognostic marker for assessment of severity of malaria","volume":"30","author":"P Kinra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.5.1762-1769.1996","article-title":"Human monocyte CD14 is upregulated by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"64","author":"R Landmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000300008","article-title":"Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in lesions of patients with tegumentary American leishmaniasis","volume":"54","author":"FF Tuon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.3.661","article-title":"Function of soluble CD14 in serum from patients with septic shock","volume":"173","author":"R Landmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(98)01430-0","article-title":"The molecular pathogenesis of endotoxic shock and organ failure","volume":"5","author":"R Karima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Med Today"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"351","article-title":"Parameters influencing membrane CD14 expression and soluble CD14 levels in sepsis","volume":"6","author":"T Gluck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T12:52:00Z","timestamp":1692190320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004375"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sergio Costa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004375","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]}}}