{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:37:06Z","timestamp":1771007826384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T18:41:08Z","timestamp":1457030468000},"page":"e0004484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A Heterologous Multiepitope DNA Prime\/Recombinant Protein Boost Immunisation Strategy for the Development of an Antiserum against Micrurus corallinus (Coral Snake) Venom"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Henrique Roman","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00e1cio de Loiola M.","family":"Junqueira-de-Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Branco","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara Guerra","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Machado-de-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Chavez-Olortegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Lee","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Snake-bites: appraisal of the global situation","volume":"76","author":"JP Chippaux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"709","article-title":"Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere","author":"DA Warrell","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652006000300005","article-title":"Bites by coral snakes (Micrurus spp.) in Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil","volume":"48","author":"F Bucaretchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"340","article-title":"Coral snakes of the Americas\u2014biology, identification, and venoms","author":"JA Roze","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Animais pe\u00e7onhentos no Brasil: biologia cl\u00ednica e terap\u00eautica dos acidentes","author":"JLC Cardoso","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"557","article-title":"Handbook of Natural Toxins","volume":"51991","author":"I Raw"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Guidelines for the production control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins","year":"2010"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00119-6","article-title":"A study on the venom yield of venomous snake species from Argentina","volume":"36","author":"AR de Roodt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/S0073-47212002000400013","article-title":"Varia\u00e7\u00e3o de peso e sobrevida de Micrurus corallinus sob diferentes condi\u00e7\u00f5es de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o em biot\u00e9rio (Serpentes, Elapidae)","volume":"92","author":"EO Serapicos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Iheringia S\u00e9rie Zoologia"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e569","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000569","article-title":"Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty","volume":"3","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.04.251","article-title":"Critical shortage of coral snake antivenom is impacting patient care","volume":"60","author":"CR Lewis-Younger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.04.253","article-title":"Coral Snake Antivenin's Deadly Deadline","volume":"60","author":"R Mannel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.032","article-title":"Death following coral snake bite in the United States\u2014first documented case (with ELISA confirmation of envenomation) in over 40 years","volume":"53","author":"RL Norris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"},{"issue":"8176","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91455-5","article-title":"Antivenom reactions and efficacy","volume":"1","author":"HA Reid","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00233-6","article-title":"Cross reactivity of different specific Micrurus antivenom sera with homologous and heterologous snake venoms","volume":"39","author":"AR Prieto da Silva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2000.01287.x","article-title":"Antibody from mice immunized with DNA encoding the carboxyl-disintegrin and cysteine-rich domain (JD9) of the haemorrhagic metalloprotease, Jararhagin, inhibits the main lethal component of viper venom","volume":"121","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00026-9","article-title":"Simultaneous GeneGun immunisation with plasmids encoding antigen and GM-CSF: significant enhancement of murine antivenom IgG1 titres","volume":"20","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.05.023","article-title":"Immunization with cDNA of a novel P-III type metalloproteinase from the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus durissus elicits antibodies which neutralize 69% of the hemorrhage induced by the whole venom","volume":"52","author":"G Azofeifa-Cordero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.066","article-title":"Neutralization of venom-induced hemorrhage by equine antibodies raised by immunization with a plasmid encoding a novel P-II metalloproteinase from the lancehead pitviper Bothrops asper","volume":"27","author":"V Arce-Estrada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e184","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030184","article-title":"Bioinformatics and multiepitope DNA immunization to design rational snake antivenom","volume":"3","author":"SC Wagstaff","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1372","article-title":"Jararhagin ECD-containing disintegrin domain: expression in escherichia coli and inhibition of the platelet-collagen interaction","volume":"369","author":"AM Moura-da-Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of biochemistry and biophysics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-112","article-title":"Transcriptomic basis for an antiserum against Micrurus corallinus (coral snake) venom","volume":"10","author":"LI Leao","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","first-page":"327","article-title":"Reverse biology applied to Micrurus corallinus, a South American coral snake","volume":"14","author":"PL Ho","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxin Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.2033","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of an alpha-neurotoxin-type protein specific for the coral snake Micrurus corallinus","volume":"267","author":"J Silveira de Oliveira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","first-page":"13","article-title":"The SPOT-synthesis technique. Synthetic peptide arrays on membrane supports\u2014principles and applications","volume":"267","author":"R Frank","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(02)00140-0","article-title":"Application of the Spot method to the identification of peptides and amino acids from the antibody paratope that contribute to antigen binding","volume":"267","author":"D Laune","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.292","article-title":"Codon usage tabulated from international DNA sequence databases: status for the year 2000","volume":"28","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti770","article-title":"The SWISS-MODEL workspace: a web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling","volume":"22","author":"K Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq662","article-title":"Toward the estimation of the absolute quality of individual protein structure models","volume":"27","author":"P Benkert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"Web Server issue","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W252","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku340","article-title":"SWISS-MODEL: modelling protein tertiary and quaternary structure using evolutionary information","volume":"42","author":"M Biasini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(63)80023-6","article-title":"Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations","volume":"7","author":"GN Ramachandran","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21715","article-title":"QMEAN: A comprehensive scoring function for model quality assessment","volume":"71","author":"P Benkert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"A26","article-title":"Swiss-PdbViewer: A new fast and easy to use PDB viewer for the Macintosh","volume":"52","author":"N Guex","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experimentia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0","article-title":"A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein","volume":"157","author":"J Kyte","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of molecular biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","first-page":"181","article-title":"The antigenic index: a novel algorithm for predicting antigenic determinants","volume":"4","author":"BA Jameson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Computer applications in the biosciences: CABIOS"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","first-page":"1103","article-title":"A high-copy T7 Escherichia coli expression vector for the production of recombinant proteins with a minimal N-terminal His-tagged fusion peptide","volume":"37","author":"CR Ramos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas \/ Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica [et al]"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e622","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000622","article-title":"Diversity of Micrurus snake species related to their venom toxic effects and the prospective of antivenom neutralization","volume":"4","author":"GD Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"6699","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/26239","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signalling","volume":"395","author":"RB Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90124-A","article-title":"Isolation of IgGT from hyperimmune horse anti-snake venom serum: its protective ability","volume":"29","author":"I Fernandes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00177-8","article-title":"Neutralization of bothropic and crotalic venom toxic activities by IgG(T) and IgGa subclasses isolated from immune horse serum","volume":"35","author":"I Fernandes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5058","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/212205a0","article-title":"Comparison of the C-terminal amino-acid sequence of two horse immunoglobulins IgG and IgG(T)","volume":"212","author":"RC Weir","year":"1966","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(86)90077-2","article-title":"Investigation of the antigenic relationship between equine IgG and IgGT","volume":"13","author":"PR Widders","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.10.3.345-351.2003","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G subisotype responses of pneumonic and healthy, exposed foals and adult horses to Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins","volume":"10","author":"KE Hooper-McGrevy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.5.2278","article-title":"Different T helper cell types and antibody isotypes generated by saline and gene gun DNA immunization","volume":"158","author":"DM Feltquate","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref46","first-page":"275","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l'e\u00e9tude du venin des serpents. Immunisation des animaux et traitement de l'envenimation","volume":"VIII","author":"A Calmette","year":"1894","journal-title":"Annales de l'Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.10.015","article-title":"Identification and characterization of B-cell epitopes of 3FTx and PLA(2) toxins from Micrurus corallinus snake venom","volume":"93","author":"KL Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicon: official journal of the International Society on Toxinology"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T03:28:13Z","timestamp":1692242893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004484"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Robert A","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004484","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]}}}