{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:35:45Z","timestamp":1773768945634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP-00844\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP-00844\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/111.252\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/111.252\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407831\/2012.6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407831\/2012.6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["309542\/2013-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309542\/2013-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003758","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pronex 241709\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pronex 241709\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003758","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Maranh\u00e3o (BR)","award":["Ponex-241709\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ponex-241709\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T17:56:36Z","timestamp":1472666196000},"page":"e0004900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Morinda citrifolia Linn. Reduces Parasite Load and Modulates Cytokines and Extracellular Matrix Proteins in C57BL\/6 Mice Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1via de Oliveira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Vinicius da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia Zaverucha","family":"do Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joicy Cortez","family":"de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iara dos Santos da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste da Silva Freitas","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Junqueira","family":"Moragas Tellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro dos Santos","family":"Chagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Dutra","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L\u00facia","family":"Abreu-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia da Silva","family":"Calabrese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO. Control of the Leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Comitee on the Control of Leishmaniasis, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2010 Contract No.: 949."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.016","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"69","author":"D Pace","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2012.01.003","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis treatment: What do we have, what do we need and how to deliver it?","volume":"2","author":"LH Freitas-Junior","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2863","article-title":"Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> L. (Noni) fruit","volume":"24","author":"S Basar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01696.x","article-title":"Dentinal tubule disinfection with 2% chlorhexidine gel, propolis, morinda citrifolia juice, 2% povidone iodine, and calcium hydroxide","volume":"43","author":"D Kandaswamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","first-page":"195","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial on the antileishmanial activity of a <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> (Noni) stem extract and its major constituents","volume":"7","author":"FA Sattar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"issue":"2016","key":"ref7","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ultrastructural Changes and Death of <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> promastigotes Induced by <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> Linn. Fruit (Noni) Juice Treatment","volume":"2016","author":"F Almeida-Souza","journal-title":"J. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern. Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1021\/jf071359a","article-title":"Identification of TLC markers and quantification by HPLC-MS of various constituents in noni fruit powder and commercial noni-derived products","volume":"55","author":"O Potterat","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.645","article-title":"Characterization and classification of leishmanial parasites from humans, wild mammals, and sand flies in the Amazon region of Brazil","volume":"44","author":"G Grimaldi","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761982000100003","article-title":"Studies on the relationship between lectin binding carbohydrates and different strains of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> from the New World","volume":"77","author":"J Schottelius","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"2344","article-title":"Molecular Cloning\u2014A laboratory Manual","volume":"Volume 1","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.023","article-title":"The effects of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) on the immune system: its molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"115","author":"AK Palu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3109\/13880200903264434","article-title":"Immunostimulant activity of noni (Morinda citrifolia) on T and B lymphocytes","volume":"48","author":"S Nayak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.3.961","article-title":"Mice from a genetically resistant background lacking the interferon gamma receptor are susceptible to infection with <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> but mount a polarized T helper cell 1-type CD4+ T cell response","volume":"181","author":"K Swihart","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.4.741","article-title":"Macrophage microbicidal mechanisms in vivo: reactive nitrogen versus oxygen intermediates in the killing of intracellular visceral Leishmania donovani","volume":"189","author":"HW Murray","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.1013","article-title":"Responses to Leishmania donovani in mice deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"74","author":"HW Murray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2016.06.004","article-title":"Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit (Noni) juice induces an increase in NO production and death of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in peritoneal macrophages from BALB\/c","volume":"58","author":"F Almeida-Souza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124888","article-title":"The PGE2\/IL-10 Axis Determines Susceptibility of B-1 Cell-Derived Phagocytes (B-1CDP) to <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> Infection","volume":"10","author":"AF Arcanjo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2014.08.002","article-title":"Effects of soluble extracts from <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> promastigotes, <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> tachyzoites on TGF-\u03b2 mediated pathways in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes","volume":"16","author":"AM Clemente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.04.016","article-title":"TGF-beta-associated enhanced susceptibility to leishmaniasis following intramuscular vaccination of mice with <italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/italic> antigens","volume":"7","author":"RO Pinheiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes and Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.1127","article-title":"IL-4-deficient Balb\/c mice resist infection with <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic>","volume":"184","author":"M Kopf","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003699","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003699","article-title":"Deletion of IL-4 receptor alpha on dendritic cells renders BALB\/c mice hypersusceptible to <italic>Leishmania major<\/italic> infection","volume":"9","author":"R Hurdayal","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1086\/652870","article-title":"Immunopathological studies of <italic>Leishmania amazonensis<\/italic> infection in resistant and in susceptible mice","volume":"201","author":"FO Cardoso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.04.002","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of efficacy of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and immunochemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis-an experimental study","volume":"63","author":"J Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"43","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15551","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505630102","article-title":"The wound repair response controls outcome to cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"102","author":"A Sakthianandeswaren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.07.021","article-title":"Accelerated healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis in non-healing BALB\/c mice using water soluble amphotericin B-polymethacrylic acid","volume":"32","author":"K Corware","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.03.017","article-title":"Wound healing genes and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"L Castellucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701232","article-title":"IL-10 overexpression decreases inflammatory mediators and promotes regenerative healing in an adult model of scar formation","volume":"128","author":"WH Peranteau","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700890","article-title":"TNF-alpha suppresses alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in human dermal fibroblasts: an implication for abnormal wound healing","volume":"127","author":"MT Goldberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"7","article-title":"The duplicitous nature of inflammation in wound repair","volume":"16","author":"V Rajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wound Practice and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2005.8.552","article-title":"Induction of extracellular matrix synthesis in normal human fibroblasts by anthraquinone isolated from <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> (Noni) fruit","volume":"8","author":"SW Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.2.305-311.1985","article-title":"In vitro parasite-monocyte interactions in human leishmaniasis: possible role of fibronectin in parasite attachment","volume":"49","author":"DJ Wyler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.4127","article-title":"Leishmania mexicana: binding of promastigotes to type I collagen","volume":"85","author":"R Lira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01274-07","article-title":"Fibronectin binding and proteolytic degradation by <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> and effects on macrophage activation","volume":"76","author":"MM Kulkarni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.1008-1010.2003","article-title":"Migration through the extracellular matrix by the parasitic protozoan <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> is enhanced by surface metalloprotease gp63","volume":"71","author":"BS McGwire","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.1317","article-title":"Evidence of a laminin binding protein on the surface of <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>","volume":"226","author":"A Ghosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.12.004","article-title":"Effects of Morinda citrifolia aqueous fruit extract and its biomarker scopoletin on reflux esophagitis and gastric ulcer in rats","volume":"134","author":"S Mahattanadul","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200504000-00009","article-title":"Herbal hepatotoxicity: acute hepatitis caused by a Noni preparation (<italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic>)","volume":"17","author":"G Millonig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4758","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i30.4758","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity of NONI juice: report of two cases","volume":"11","author":"V Stadlbauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3616","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i22.3616","article-title":"Noni juice is not hepatotoxic","volume":"12","author":"BJ West","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","first-page":"21","article-title":"A double-blind clinical safety study of noni fruit juice","volume":"15","author":"BJ West","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pac Health Dialog"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"6","article-title":"Ensayo de toxicidad a dosis repetidas (28 d\u00edas) por v\u00eda oral del extracto acuoso de <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> en ratas Sprague Dawley","volume":"19","author":"A, I Mancebo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revista de Toxicolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-008-0070-3","article-title":"Liver protective effects of <italic>Morinda citrifolia<\/italic> (Noni)","volume":"63","author":"MY Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T13:42:36Z","timestamp":1657201356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004900"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Melby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]}}}