{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:00:45Z","timestamp":1783713645781,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHMRC Peter Doherty Early Career Felowship","award":["APP1091011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1091011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T13:35:26Z","timestamp":1470317726000},"page":"e0004908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Compounds Derived from the Bhutanese Daisy, Ajania nubigena, Demonstrate Dual Anthelmintic Activity against Schistosoma mansoni and Trichuris muris"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4381-7382","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phurpa","family":"Wangchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Giacomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Sotillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Smout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). 2015a. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/diseases\/en\/23\/2\/15\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/diseases\/en\/23\/2\/15<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.07.002","article-title":"Repurposing drugs for the treatment and control of helminth infections","volume":"4","author":"G Panic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"USAID. Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura or Trichocephalus trichuris). 2014. Available:<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.neglecteddiseases.gov\/target_diseases\/soil_transmitted_helminthiasis\/whipworm\/index.html\/5\/3\/15\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.neglecteddiseases.gov\/target_diseases\/soil_transmitted_helminthiasis\/whipworm\/index.html\/5\/3\/15<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"WHO. Schistosomiasis: A major public health problem. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/schistosomiasis\/en\/23\/2\/15\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/schistosomiasis\/en\/23\/2\/15<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.09.004","article-title":"Compound library screening identified Akt\/PKB kinase pathway inhibitors as potential key molecules for the development of new chemotherapeutics against schistosomiasis","volume":"4","author":"M Morel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70078-0","article-title":"The drug and vaccine landscape for neglected diseases (2000\u201311): a systematic assessment","volume":"1","author":"B Pedrique","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.16.1937","article-title":"Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"299","author":"J Keiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.10.001","article-title":"Anthelmintics-From discovery to resistance","volume":"4","author":"AJ Wolstenholme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.10.003","article-title":"Mitigating anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes","volume":"4","author":"J Matthews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3151-z","article-title":"Suceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review","volume":"111","author":"W Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2014.09.006","article-title":"Praziquantel sensitivity of Kenyan <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> isolates and the generation of a laboratory strain with reduced susceptibility to the drug","volume":"4","author":"IN Mwangi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.02.001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in African infants and preschool children: let them now be treated!","volume":"29","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4510","article-title":"The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era","volume":"2","author":"AL Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.9.5.995","article-title":"Targeted treatment of cancer with artemisinin and artemisinin tagged iron-carrying compounds","volume":"9","author":"H Lai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731107000730","article-title":"Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction","volume":"1","author":"S Athanasiadou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.06.032","article-title":"Evaluation of an ethnopharmacologically selected Bhutanese medicinal plants for their major classes of phytochemicals and biological activities","volume":"137","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.037","article-title":"Antimalarial alkaloids from a Bhutanese traditional medicinal plant <italic>Corydalis dubia<\/italic>","volume":"143","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.09.052","article-title":"A new protoberberine alkaloid from <italic>Meconopsis simplicifolia<\/italic> (D. Don) Walpers with potent antimalarial activity against a multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain","volume":"150","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"957","article-title":"Phenylpropanoids and furanocoumarins as antibacterial and antimalarial constituents of the Bhutanese medicinal plant <italic>Pleurospermum amabile<\/italic>","volume":"9","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"The diterpenoid 7-Keto-sempervirol, derived from <italic>Lycium chinense<\/italic>, displays anthelmintic activity against both <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> and <italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic>","author":"J Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"733","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antimalarial and cytotoxicity activities of constituents of a Bhutanese variety of <italic>Ajania nubigena<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"185","article-title":"Medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh used in the treatment of stomach disorders","volume":"8","author":"B Ballabh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Tradit Know"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.79105","article-title":"Feverfew (<italic>Tanacetum parthenium<\/italic> L.): A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"A Pareek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogn Rev"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e885","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000885","article-title":"A novel high throughput assay for anthelmintic drug screening and resistance diagnosis by real-time monitoring of parasite motility","volume":"4","author":"M Smout","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2015.07.002","article-title":"Viability of developmental stages of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> quantified with xCELLigence worm real-time motility assay (xWORM)","volume":"5","author":"G Rinaldi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.5.1371","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>: anti-egg monoclonal antibody protects against cercarial challenge <italic>in vivo<\/italic>","volume":"159","author":"DA Harn","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2307\/3280632","article-title":"Cultivation of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni in vitro<\/italic>. I. Establishment of cultures from cercariae and development until pairing","volume":"67","author":"PF Basch","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000759","article-title":"Development and validation of a quantitative, high-throughput, fluorescent-based bioassay to detect <italic>Schistosoma<\/italic> viability","volume":"4","author":"E Peak","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90081-H","article-title":"Response of pre-adult and adult stages of <italic>Trichuris muris<\/italic> to common anthelmintics in mice","volume":"21","author":"GR Rajasekariah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200500973X","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> anthelmintic efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent gastrointestinal nematode, <italic>Trichuris muris<\/italic>","volume":"132","author":"G Stepek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2012.02.004","article-title":"Nitazoxanide: <italic>In vitro<\/italic> and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> drug effects against <italic>Trichuris muris<\/italic> and <italic>Ancyclostoma ceylanicum<\/italic>, alone or in combination","volume":"2","author":"L Tritten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"152","author":"CNF De Oliveira","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927527","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic studies on the effect of praziquantel on <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>, <italic>Dicrocoelium dendriticum<\/italic>, and <italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/italic> (Trematoda) in vitro","volume":"63","author":"B Becker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z Parasitenkd"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1982573285","article-title":"Transmission and scanning electron microscopical studies in the tegument of male <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> after oxamniquine treatment","volume":"57","author":"A Kohn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol Hum Comp"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000050630","article-title":"<italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>: changes in elemental composition in relation to the age and sexual status of the worms","volume":"86","author":"MK Shaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"61","article-title":"The relationship between tegumental disruption and muscle contraction in <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> exposed to various compounds","volume":"69","author":"CS Brickes","year":"1983","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009990965","article-title":"Morphological effects and tegumental alterations induced by mefloquine on schistosomula and adult flukes of Schistosomula and adult flukes of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic>","volume":"137","author":"T Manneck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2163-9","article-title":"Artemether shows promising female schistosomacidal and ovicidal effects on the Egyptian strain of <italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/italic> after maturity of infection","volume":"108","author":"R Abdul-Ghani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2012.12.001","article-title":"Identification of plumbagin and sanguinarine as effective chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of schistosomiasis","volume":"3","author":"SM Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.01.054","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of a 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole derivative on <italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/italic> muscle larvae","volume":"194","author":"F Matadamas-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0668-6","article-title":"<italic>In vitro<\/italic> studies on the effects of flubendazole against <italic>Toxocara canis<\/italic> and <italic>Ascaris suum<\/italic>","volume":"89","author":"E Hanser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(73)80031-X","article-title":"Sense receptors in the bacillary band of trichuroid nematodes","volume":"5","author":"KA Wright","year":"1973","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1139\/z78-258","article-title":"The morphology of the attachment and probable feeding site of the nematode <italic>Trichuris muris<\/italic> (Schrank, 1788) Hall, 1916","volume":"56","author":"TDG Lee","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0698-1","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic studies on two nematodes, <italic>Angiostrongylus cantonensis<\/italic> and <italic>Trichuris muris<\/italic>, differing in their mode of nutrition","volume":"101","author":"M Huttemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.026","article-title":"Comparative analysis of T<italic>richuris muris<\/italic> surface using conventional, low vacuum, environmental and field emission scanning electron microscopy","volume":"196","author":"EJL Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00129-0","article-title":"Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings","volume":"46","author":"CA Lipinski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004908","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:57:48Z","timestamp":1568249868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004908"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Lammie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004908","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]}}}