{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:28:20Z","timestamp":1789846100884,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T13:28:09Z","timestamp":1489066089000},"page":"e0005231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: A review of epidemiology and access to care"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0369-8830","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Temmy","family":"Sunyoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Potet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases\u2014Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"A Hailu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.4.862","article-title":"The epidemic of visceral leishmaniasis in western Upper Nile, southern Sudan: course and impact from 1984 to 1994","volume":"25","author":"J Seaman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01589.x","article-title":"Unseen Kala-azar deaths in south Sudan (1999\u20132002)","volume":"11","author":"SM Collin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region","volume":"36","author":"JAR Postigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Leishmaniasis control in eastern Africa: Past and present efforts and future needs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Situation and gap analysis"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Child Health in Somalia: A Situation Analysis [Internet]. 2012. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/images\/stories\/somalia\/documents\/layout_childhealth_9mar.pdf?ua=1\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/images\/stories\/somalia\/documents\/layout_childhealth_9mar.pdf?ua=1<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"44","article-title":"Strategic review of the Somali health sector: Challenges and Prioritized actions","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"2002","article-title":"The Threat of Infectious Disease in Somalia","volume":"329","author":"G Heppner","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.2.TM04800200vi","article-title":"Disease threats in Somalia","volume":"48","author":"LW Laughlin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-5-13","article-title":"Detection of infectious disease outbreaks in twenty-two fragile states, 2000\u20132010: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"C Bruckner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A report for School of Population Health","author":"E Pavignani","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62083-8","article-title":"Somalia: a gathering storm?","volume":"382","author":"TK Burki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000108","article-title":"Consequences of Ongoing Civil Conflict in Somalia: Evidence for Public Health Responses","volume":"6","author":"D Guha-Sapir","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Humanitarian space in Somalia: a scarce commodity","author":"L Hammond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Humanit Policy Gr Work Pap"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70010-5","article-title":"Opportunity for health systems strengthening in Somalia","volume":"2","author":"A Warsame","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Somalia Federal Government. Somalia Health Sector Strategic Plan January 2013 \u2013December 2016. 2013."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Somalia Ministries of Health and Health Sector Partners. Somali Health Sector: A Call for life saving health programmes especially for women and children. 2015."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004360","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of essential surgical capacity in Somalia","volume":"4","author":"N Elkheir","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-12-34","article-title":"An examination of pharmaceutical systems in severely disrupted countries","volume":"12","author":"JC Kohler","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)80012-3","article-title":"Emergence or re-emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in areas of Somalia, north-eastern Kenya, and south-eastern Ethiopia in 2000\u201301","volume":"97","author":"MVL Marlet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)80099-8","article-title":"A neglected disease of humans: A new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Bakool,Somalia","volume":"97","author":"MVL Marlet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90154-5","article-title":"Incrimination of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis as a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in western Upper Nile Province, southern Sudan","volume":"86","author":"J Schorscher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00082.x","article-title":"The roles of Phlebotomus martini and P.celiae (Diptera: Phlebotominae) as vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in the Aba Roba focus, southern Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"T Gebre-Michael","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01550.x","article-title":"Accessibility of diagnostic and treatment centres for visceral leishmaniasis in Gedaref State, northern Sudan","volume":"11","author":"S Gerstl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)00027-8","article-title":"The interplay between environmental and host factors during an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan","volume":"4","author":"B Bucheton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.78","article-title":"S. Studies on the prevalence of leishmanin skin test positivity in the Baringo District, Rift Valley, Kenya","volume":"50","author":"KU Schaefer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90070-5","article-title":"A prospective sero-epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis in Baringo District, Rift Valley Province, Kenya","volume":"89","author":"KU Schaefer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2003.09.021","article-title":"Mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus martini and P. orientalis (Diptera: Psychodidae), vectors of kala-azar in East Africa by use of geographic information systems","volume":"90","author":"T Gebre-Michael","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000085","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical features of patients with visceral leishmaniasis treated by an MSF clinic in Bakool region, Somalia, 2004\u20132006","volume":"1","author":"M-E Raguenaud","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00109.x","article-title":"Ecology and control of the sand fly vectors of Leishmania donovani in East Africa, with special emphasis on Phlebotomus orientalis","volume":"36","author":"DEA Elnaiem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1303.060706","article-title":"Kala-azar control, Uganda","volume":"13","author":"JH Kolaczinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.06.001","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Africa\u2014current status","volume":"101","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.07.003","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in eastern Sudan: parasite identification in humans and dogs; host-parasite relationships","volume":"5","author":"J Dereure","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.941","article-title":"Kala-azar in a high transmission focus: an ethnic and geographic dimension","volume":"61","author":"ME Ibrahim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2720","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002720","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis Outbreak in South Sudan 2009\u20132012: Epidemiological Assessment and Impact of a Multisectoral Response","volume":"8","author":"A Abubakar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129869","article-title":"Climate change and spatiotemporal distributions of vector-borne diseases in Nepal\u2014A systematic synthesis of literature","volume":"10","author":"M Dhimal","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref38","first-page":"S27","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Sudan. Mucosal leishmaniasis","volume":"95","author":"EE Zijlstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"292","article-title":"Il kala azar nella Somalia Italiana","volume":"60","author":"G Penso","year":"1934","journal-title":"Bollettini e Atti di Ric Accad Medica Roma"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"481","article-title":"A proposito dei casi di kala azar finora segnalati","volume":"68","author":"R Moise","year":"1955","journal-title":"Ann Med Nav Trop"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"109","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological patterns of leishmaniasis in Africa","volume":"20","author":"KM Cahill","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(71)90182-9","article-title":"Studies in Somalia","volume":"65","author":"K Cahill","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problem of kala-azar in Somalia","volume":"27","author":"G Baruffa","year":"1966","journal-title":"Riv Parassitol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90008-X","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: prevalence of markers of infection and disease manifestations in a village in an endemic area","volume":"89","author":"SA Shiddo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90640-1","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: prevalence of leishmanin-positive and seropositive inhabitants in an endemic area","volume":"89","author":"SA Shiddo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11813003","article-title":"A recent case of visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia","volume":"89","author":"A Woolhead","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90149-5","article-title":"A simple and economical direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis and sero-epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"80","author":"AE Harith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"68","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia. Circulating antibodies as measured by DAT, immunofluorescence and ELISA","volume":"47","author":"SA Shiddo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(96)02529-1","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia. Significance of IgG subclasses and of IgE response","volume":"50","author":"S Shiddo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02851","article-title":"Global distribution maps of the leishmaniases","volume":"3","author":"DM Pigott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"190","article-title":"Health Care Services in Transitional Somalia: Challenges and Recommendations","volume":"7","author":"MG Qayad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bild An Int J Somali Stud"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"World Bank. Somalia\u2014Socioeconomic survey 2002. Somalia Watching Brief; no. 1. [Internet]. Washington City; 2003. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/2003\/01\/6762297\/somalia-socioeconomic-survey-2002\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/2003\/01\/6762297\/somalia-socioeconomic-survey-2002<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0707.017746","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) outbreak in Somali refugees and Kenyan shepherds, Kenya","volume":"7","author":"G Boussery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Karunakara U. Why MSF decided to leave Somalia | M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF) International [Internet]. [cited 2 Mar 2016]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.msf.org\/article\/why-msf-decided-leave-somalia\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.msf.org\/article\/why-msf-decided-leave-somalia<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref55","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Global Health Observatory [Internet]. [cited 3 Apr 2016]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/neglected_diseases\/leishmaniasis\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/neglected_diseases\/leishmaniasis\/en\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Visceral leishmaniasis: control strategies and epidemiological situation update in East Africa: report of a WHO bi-regional consultation Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9\u201311 March 2015\u2014See more at: [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2015. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/190168#sthash.98Q1mye7.dpuf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/190168#sthash.98Q1mye7.dpuf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"287","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in high-burden countries: an epidemiological update based on data reported in 2014","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health Care Seeking Behaviour in Somalia: A Literature Review","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"Buckley J, O\u2019Neill L, Aden A. Somalia private sector assessment [Internet]. Oxford Policy Management. 2015. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.opml.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Somalia%20Private%20Sector%20Assessment.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.opml.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Somalia Private Sector Assessment.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Fuje MM, Ruiz Postigo JA EM&amp; B-IR. SCALING UP THE CONTROL OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN SOMALIA. 2011. p. Poster presented at 7th European Congress of Tropi."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: Review of their prevalence, distribution, and disease burden","volume":"3","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Somalia Health Advisory Board. Prioritization of Health Policy Actions in Somali Health Sector. 2014."},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv060","article-title":"Prioritization in Somali health system strengthening: a qualitative study","volume":"8","author":"A Warsame","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Heal"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S1816383113000726","article-title":"Making sense of apparent chaos: health-care provision in six country case studies","volume":"95","author":"E Pavignani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Rev Red Cross"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-8-20","article-title":"The \u201cempty void\u201d is a crowded space: health service provision at the margins of fragile and conflict affected states","volume":"8","author":"PS Hill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"IRIN. Al-Shabab ban on agencies threatens aid. In: October 2011 [Internet]. [cited 25 Mar 2016]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/report\/94321\/somalia-al-shabab-ban-agencies-threatens-aid\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.irinnews.org\/report\/94321\/somalia-al-shabab-ban-agencies-threatens-aid<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-7-22","article-title":"The 2011 Famine in Somalia: lessons learnt from a failed response?","volume":"7","author":"A Seal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Islamic humanitarianism? The evolving role of the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation in Somalia and beyond","author":"E Svoboda","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref69","unstructured":"Capobianco E, Naidu V, World Bank. A review of health sector aid financing to Somalia (Ingl\u00e9s) [Internet]. World Bank working paper. 2008. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/external\/default\/WDSContentServer\/WDSP\/IB\/2008\/05\/30\/000333037_20080530022142\/Rendered\/PDF\/439750PUB0Box310only109780821375174.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/external\/default\/WDSContentServer\/WDSP\/IB\/2008\/05\/30\/000333037_20080530022142\/Rendered\/PDF\/439750PUB0Box310only109780821375174.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"77","article-title":"Somalia: Everything is Open to Negotiations in: Humanitarian Negotiations Revealed","author":"B Leduc","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1162\/isec.2007.31.3.74","article-title":"Governance without Government in Somalia","volume":"31","author":"K Menkhaus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Secur"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"122","article-title":"Nomadic Peoples","author":"B Helander","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61401-X","article-title":"East African countries struggle with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"374","author":"T Burki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-9-45","article-title":"A high resolution spatial population database of Somalia for disease risk mapping","volume":"9","author":"C Linard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806490106","article-title":"Prediction of a Rift Valley fever outbreak","volume":"106","author":"A Anyamba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03047.x","article-title":"Practicing medicine without borders: Tele-consultations and tele-mentoring for improving paediatric care in a conflict setting in Somalia?","volume":"17","author":"R Zachariah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht035","article-title":"Supporting \u201cmedicine at a distance\u201d for delivery of hospital services in war-torn somalia: How well are we doing?","volume":"6","author":"AM Maalim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt090","article-title":"TB treatment in a chronic complex emergency: Treatment outcomes and experiences in Somalia","volume":"107","author":"KF Liddle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref79","unstructured":"WHO. WHO to implement online epidemiological surveillance for leishmaniasis [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2 Nov 2016]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/news\/WHO_implement_epidemiological_surveillance_leishmaniasis\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/news\/WHO_implement_epidemiological_surveillance_leishmaniasis\/en\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref80","unstructured":"Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Somalia: Prevalence of cell phones and Internet cafes in Mogadishu, including the ability to use cell phones for financial transfers (2012-February 2015) [Internet]. [cited 8 Jun 2016]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/550c35904.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/550c35904.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref81","unstructured":"Somalia Ministry of Health. Human Resources for Health Strategic Plan for Central and South Somalia 2014\u20132018. 2014."},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"Control of the leishmaniases: Report of a WHO expert committee. World Health Organization\u2014Technical Report Series. 1990. pp. 9\u2013131."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61301-4","article-title":"Neglected diseases, civil conflicts, and the right to health","volume":"370","author":"C Beyrer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1568890048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005231"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abhay R","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005231","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]}}}