{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:37:02Z","timestamp":1791542222843,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000}}],"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T20:11:06Z","timestamp":1483992666000},"page":"e0005260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Fleas (Siphonaptera) in Iran: Diversity, Host Range, and Medical Importance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Naseh","family":"Maleki-Ravasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Solhjouy-Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Claude","family":"Beaucournu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Laudisoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1997-517X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO fact sheet: Vector-borne diseases. Fact sheet #387, March 2014. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/kobe_centre\/mediacentre\/vbdfactsheet.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/kobe_centre\/mediacentre\/vbdfactsheet.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Manson\u2019s Tropical Diseases","author":"GC Cook","year":"1996"},{"issue":"9857","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61151-9","article-title":"Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases","volume":"380","author":"AM Kilpatrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120710-100717","article-title":"Transmission of Flea-Borne Zoonotic Agents","volume":"57","author":"RJ Eisen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.4.377","article-title":"R\u00e9sum\u00e9 of the Siphonaptera (Insecta) of the world","volume":"35","author":"RE Lewis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.011","article-title":"Fleas and flea-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"I Bitam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56609-7","article-title":"Flea biology and control: the biology of the cat flea, control and prevention with imidacloprid in small animals","author":"F Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","first-page":"70","article-title":"A survey on ectoparasite infestation in companion dogs of Ahvaz district, Southwest of Iran","volume":"6","author":"B Mosallanejad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010301","article-title":"Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides spp. fleas, Brazil","volume":"8","author":"RP Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/16.6.547","article-title":"Human infestation by cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), from suburban raccoons","volume":"16","author":"KW Hunter","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1591-x","article-title":"Ectoparasites of dogs and cats in Albania","volume":"105","author":"D Xhaxhiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x","article-title":"Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission","volume":"22","author":"S Billeter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601316977714","article-title":"Urban zoonoses caused by Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species","volume":"1","author":"JA Comer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Borror and DeLong&apos;s Introduction to the Study of Insects","author":"CA Triplehorn","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouch\u00e9)","author":"DC Zentko","year":"2011"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","first-page":"942","article-title":"Exploiting the potential of vector control for disease prevention","volume":"83","author":"H Townson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a regional analysis","volume":"78","author":"AK Githeko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","first-page":"247","article-title":"Application of predictive degree day model for field development of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in northwest of Iran","volume":"46","author":"MA Oshaghi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.06.007","article-title":"New perspectives in tracing vector-borne interaction networks","volume":"26","author":"E Gomez-Diaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002160","article-title":"Plague and climate: scales matter","volume":"7","author":"TB Ari","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS pathogens"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"533","article-title":"Les puces (Insecta, Siphonaptera) de l&apos;Iran","volume":"56","author":"J Klein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Soc Path Exot"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.121829","article-title":"A serological survey of plague in animals in western Iran","volume":"19","author":"S. Esamaeili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerging infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","first-page":"441","article-title":"Kurdistan plague focus","volume":"5","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1951","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1186","article-title":"BURROWING PLAGUE","volume":"56","author":"H Mollaret","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"DrawVenn (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be\/webtools\/Venn\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be\/webtools\/Venn\/<\/ext-link>)."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","first-page":"513","article-title":"Materials on the fauna of fleas of Iran","volume":"6","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1972","journal-title":"parazitologiya"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Regional disease vector ecology profile: The Middle East","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis RE. Siphonaptera collected during the 1965 Street Expedition to Afghanistan. 1973.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.3103"},{"issue":"103\u2013105","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00222936608651655","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. II. A collection of fleas from Esfahan (Central Iran)","volume":"9","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann Mag Nat Hist"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","first-page":"43","article-title":"Flea infestation in farm animals and its health implication","volume":"3","author":"S Rahbari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/10.3.273","article-title":"New records and a new species of Nosopsyllus (Nosopsyllus) Jordan, 1933 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) from Iran","volume":"10","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","first-page":"63","article-title":"Diversity and Relative Abundance of Medically Important Fleas in the Rural Areas of Kohgiloye-and-Boyerahmad, Iran","volume":"9","author":"M Khoobdel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sch Pub Health Inst Pub Health Res"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"337","article-title":"New Siphonaptera from eastern Mediterranean countries","volume":"8","author":"F Smit","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull Soc Entomol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3406\/bsef.1964.20768","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 I\u2019\u00e9tude morphologique externe des larves de puces. Les larves de Xenopsylla buxtoni Jord., 1949, Nosopsyllus iranus iranus Wag. et Arg., 1934, et Stenoponia tripectinata irakana Jord., 1958 [SIPHOXAPTERA]","volume":"69","author":"J-M Klein","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entomologique de France"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","first-page":"58","article-title":"Determination of rodent ectoparasite fauna in Sarpole-Zahab district, Kermanshah Province, Iran, 2004\u20132005","volume":"1","author":"Z Telmadarraiy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","first-page":"900","article-title":"Nouvelles puces (Siphonaptera, Insecta) de l&apos;Iran: premi\u00e8re communication","volume":"55","author":"J-M Klein","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Fl\u00f6he aus Anatolien und anderen L\u00e4ndern des nahen Ostens","author":"F Peus","year":"1976"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/9.3.205","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran XI. Iranian species of the genus Coptopsylla Jordan Rothschild, 1908 (Siphonaptera: Coptopsyllidae)","volume":"9","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"103\u2013105","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/00222936608651656","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. III. Two new species of Coptopsylla Jordan and Rothschild","volume":"9","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Natural History"},{"issue":"103\u2013105","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/00222936608651654","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. I. A new flea of the genus Coptopsylla Jordan and Rothschild, 1908 (Siphonaptera: Coptopsyllidae)","volume":"9","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Natural History"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","first-page":"261","article-title":"Experimental study of the infecting ability of the flea Coptopsylla lamellifer rostrata in the Kyzylkum natural focus of plague]","volume":"38","author":"A Bliummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parazitologiia"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Ann Soc Entomol Fr","author":"J-C Beaucournu","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","first-page":"151","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. IV. Notes on a small collection of Bat fleas","volume":"62","author":"A Farhang-Azid","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","first-page":"251","article-title":"Nouvelles puces (Insecta, Siphonaptera) de l&apos;Iran","volume":"56","author":"J Klein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Kolenati FA. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Phthirio-myiarien: Horae Soc Ent Ross; 1862."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3406\/bsef.2011.2902","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 une meilleure connaissance des genres Ctenophtalmus Kolenati, 1856, et Stenoponia Jordan &amp; Rothschild, 1911 (Siphonaptera, Ctenophtalmidae)","volume":"116","author":"J-C Beaucournu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull Soc entomol Fr"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"163","article-title":"Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 10. Bat fauna of Iran","volume":"76","author":"P Benda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Soc Zool Bohem"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref48","first-page":"750","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. VII. Iranian fleas of the genus Nosopsyllus Jordan, with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)","volume":"62","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"An annotated catalog of primary types of Siphonaptera in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution","author":"NE Adams","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60321-2","article-title":"A new flea from Iran","volume":"4","author":"MM Darvishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60897-0","article-title":"Leptopsylla taschenbergi taschenbergi (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae), new flea from Iran","volume":"5","author":"A Yousefi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref52","first-page":"139","article-title":"Caenopsylla laptevi relicta ssp. nova (Siphonaptera, Leptosyllidae) parasite de lapin en France et en Espagne","volume":"35","author":"J Beaucournu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rev Iber Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref53","first-page":"884","article-title":"Cat and Dogs Ectoparasite Infestations in Iran and Iraq Boarder Line Area","volume":"18","author":"AM Bahrami","year":"2012","journal-title":"WASJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612012000300030","article-title":"A survey of ectoparasite infestation in dogs in Tehran, Iran","volume":"21","author":"S Jamshidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"309","article-title":"Seasonal frequency of ectoparasite infestation in dogs from Shiraz, Southern Iran","volume":"32","author":"SJ Shoorijeh","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref56","first-page":"626","article-title":"Ectoparasitic Species from Red Fox and Jackal in Western of Iran","volume":"10","author":"M Razmjoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob Vet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref57","first-page":"431","article-title":"Prevalence and ectoparasites fauna of sheep and goats flocks in Urmia suburb, Iran","volume":"76","author":"M Yakhchali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinarski arhiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","first-page":"72","article-title":"Wild rodents and their ectoparasites in Baluchistan area, southeast of Iran","volume":"30","author":"M Nateghpour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref59","article-title":"Ectoparasites of Rodents Captured in Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran","volume":"3","author":"E Kia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref60","first-page":"173","article-title":"A study on rodent ectoparasites in Bandar Abbas: the main economic southern seaport of Iran","volume":"4","author":"A Hanafi-Bojd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iranian J Envir Hlth Sci Engin"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"Pulicidae In: The Michael Hastriter Flea Collection [Internet]. 2012. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/flasoftheworld.byu.edu\/Systematics\/Databases\/Pulicidae.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/flasoftheworld.byu.edu\/Systematics\/Databases\/Pulicidae.aspx<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref62","first-page":"322","article-title":"The flea fauna of Iran. XII. A new species of the genus Coptopsylla Jordan and Rothschild, 1908 (I)(Siphonaptera: Coptopsyllidae)]","volume":"65","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.1.239","article-title":"Notes on the geographical distribution and host preferences in the order Siphonaptera. Part 8. New taxa described between 1984 and 1990, with a current classification of the order","volume":"30","author":"RE Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/24.6.689","article-title":"Transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae by Leptopsylla segnis (Siphonaptera: Leptopsyllidae)","volume":"24","author":"A Farhang-Azad","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Interepizootic Conservation of Plague in its Inveterate Foci: Working Hypotheses","volume":"56","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref66","first-page":"972","article-title":"Plague bacillus survival for 28 months in an artificial earth hole-experimental demonstration of interepizootic survival of plague in endemic foci","volume":"267","author":"H Mollaret","year":"1968","journal-title":"Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s\u00e9ances de l'Acad\u00e9mie des sciences- S\u00e9rie D"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref67","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Faunistic and ecological data on gerbil fleas in a natural focus of plague in Iranian Kurdistan","volume":"56","author":"J Klein","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref68","first-page":"31","article-title":"Faunistic and ecological data on the fleas of Madagascar","volume":"4","author":"J Klein","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cah Orstom"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref69","first-page":"13","article-title":"Ecological observations in an enzootic zone of plague in Mauritania. 1. Rodents, particularly Gerbillus gerbillus","volume":"13","author":"J Klein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cahiers ORSTOM, Serie Entomologie Medicale et Parasitologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref70","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ecological observations in an enzootic zone of plague in Mauritania. 2. The fleas of rodents","volume":"13","author":"J Klein","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cahiers ORSTOM, Serie Entomologie Medicale et Parasitologie"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolutionary history of the Persian Jird, Meriones persicus, based on genetics, species distribution modelling and morphometric data","author":"M Dianat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Zoolog Syst Evol Res"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Ecology of the Meriones of Kurdistan","volume":"56","author":"Y Golvan","year":"1963","journal-title":"rectifying note. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique et de ses filiales"},{"key":"ref73","first-page":"55","article-title":"Plague manual: epidemiology distribution surveillance and control. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi\/Chinese Journal of Epidemiology","author":"JD Poland","year":"1999"},{"issue":"69","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/1596071","article-title":"Iran and the Great Plague, 1830\u20131831","author":"A Seyf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stud Islam"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"169","article-title":"Research on plague in India","volume":"23","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref76","first-page":"217","article-title":"Research on plague in Java","volume":"23","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref77","first-page":"157","article-title":"The status of plague in the Middle East","volume":"23","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref78","first-page":"141","article-title":"Research on plague in Iran","volume":"23","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref79","first-page":"441","article-title":"Kurdistan plague focus","volume":"5","author":"M Baltazard","year":"1952","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref80","first-page":"28","article-title":"Discovery of a new focus of zoonotic plague in eastern Azerbaijan, Iran","volume":"73","author":"Y Karimi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique et de ses Filiales"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"Anti-Plague Service of Armenia","year":"2003"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.04.020","article-title":"Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in a new focus of central Iran","volume":"103","author":"MM Emami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref83","first-page":"27","article-title":"Study on the prevalence of visceral Leishmaniasis in rodent\u2019s of Azarshahr district (new focus), northwest of Iran","volume":"61","author":"N Mahdipoorzareh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.26719\/2004.10.4-5.591","article-title":"Characterization of Leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"10","author":"M Mohebali","year":"2004","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(01)00085-7","article-title":"Epidemiological study in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniosis due to Leishmania major in Ardestan town, central Iran","volume":"79","author":"M Yaghoobi-Ershadi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref86","first-page":"143","article-title":"Confirmation of Meriones libycus (Rodentia; Gerbillidae) as the main reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in arsanjan, fars province, South of Iran (1999\u20132000)","volume":"30","author":"Y Rassi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60045-X","article-title":"Phlebotomus papatasi and Meriones libycus as the vector and reservoir host of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qomrood District, Qom Province, central Iran","volume":"4","author":"R Yavar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref88","first-page":"247","article-title":"Natural Leishmania Infection in Meriones hurrianae and Tatera indica (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Gerbillinae) in Sistan-Baluchistan Province, South\u2013Eastern of Iran","volume":"3","author":"H Kassiri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Stud Biol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90113-3","article-title":"Meriones persicus, another probable reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"69","author":"GH Edrissian","year":"1975","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref90","first-page":"15","article-title":"Endoparasites of rodents and their zoonotic importance in Germi, Dashte\u2013Mogan, Ardabil Province, Iran","volume":"5","author":"E Kia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref91","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Seasonal abundance of plague vector Xenopsylla brasiliensis from rodents captured in three habitat types of periurban suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe","volume":"11","author":"M Zimba","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.041","article-title":"Arthropod\u2010Borne Diseases in Homeless","volume":"1078","author":"P Brouqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref93","unstructured":"Halvaee M. Plague Tehran2008 [cited 2013 2013-10-12]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.pezeshk.us\/?p=12734\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.pezeshk.us\/?p=12734<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref94","unstructured":"Wayangankar S. Plague Oklahoma2013 [updated Jul 23, 2013; cited 2013 2013\/10\/21]. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/235627-overview\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/235627-overview<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref95","first-page":"80","article-title":"Detection of Bartonella henselae in domestic cats&apos; saliva","volume":"2","author":"K Oskouizadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref96","first-page":"237","article-title":"The ecology of murine typhus: a critical review","volume":"75","author":"R Traub","year":"1978","journal-title":"Trop Dis Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref97","first-page":"203","article-title":"Geographical distribution of mouse and mouse-borne diseases in Iran: a review article","volume":"17","author":"R Dehghani","year":"2013","journal-title":"KAUMS Journal (FEYZ)"},{"key":"ref98","unstructured":"Faulde MK. Vector-borne Infectious Diseases in Iran Koblenz, GERMANY: Regierungsdirektor, Zentrales Institut des Sanit\u00e4tsdienstes der Bundeswehr Laborgruppe Medizinische Zoologie Postfach."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03516.x","article-title":"Rickettsia felis: from a rare disease in the USA to a common cause of fever in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"17","author":"P Parola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02123768","article-title":"Reactions of Ctenocephalides felis to Dipylidium caninum","volume":"6","author":"H Chen","year":"1934","journal-title":"Z Parasitenkd"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1984.35067","article-title":"A survey of cats and dogs for fleas: with particular reference to their role as intermediate hosts of Dipylidium caninum","volume":"32","author":"R Guzman","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref102","first-page":"268","article-title":"Flea Ceratophyllus fasciatus as the vector of the Altai-mountain strain of plague microbe]","volume":"11","author":"V Iakuba","year":"1977","journal-title":"Parazitologiia"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.372","article-title":"Fleas on roof rats in six areas of Los Angeles County, California: their potential role in the transmission of plague and murine typhus to humans","volume":"34","author":"TG Schwan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref104","unstructured":"Orf EC, Stomatitis CP, Soremouth SM. Infections in Humans Incubation Period. 2004."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref105","first-page":"597","article-title":"First detection of tularaemia in domestic and wild mammals in Iran","volume":"49","author":"A Arata","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.08.013","article-title":"Seroepidemiological survey of tularemia among different groups in western Iran","volume":"18","author":"S Esmaeili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref107","article-title":"Medical insects and arachnids","author":"RW Crosskey","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542688","article-title":"Functional and evolutionary ecology of fleas: a model for ecological parasitology","author":"BR Krasnov","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2008.00211.x","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera): origins and host associations","volume":"24","author":"MF Whiting","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cladistics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484870400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T02:15:29Z","timestamp":1658369729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pamela L. C.","family":"Small","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005260","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]]}}}