{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:23:17Z","timestamp":1790738597869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T18:46:36Z","timestamp":1487875596000},"page":"e0005308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Global urbanization and the neglected tropical diseases"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8770-1042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hotez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2014) World Urbanization Prospects. 2014 Revision. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/publications\/2014-revision-world-urbanization-prospects.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/publications\/2014-revision-world-urbanization-prospects.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed October 31, 2016."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. Urbanization and Health. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/88\/4\/10-010410\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/88\/4\/10-010410\/en\/<\/ext-link>, accessed December 17, 2016."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"USGS. The USGS Water Science School. The Effects of Urbanization on Water Quality. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/edu\/urbanquality.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/water.usgs.gov\/edu\/urbanquality.html<\/ext-link>, accessed December 17, 2016"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"275","article-title":"Forgotten People Forgotten Diseases: The Neglected Tropical Diseases and their Impact on Global Health and Development","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2014"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30318-8","article-title":"Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"TV De Araujo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.05.003","article-title":"Will Zika return to the \u2018Old World\u2019?","volume":"18","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.181836","article-title":"Prevalence of dog bites in rural and urban slums of Delhi: a community-based study","volume":"6","author":"S Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1456-8","article-title":"Influenza-like illness in an urban community of Salvador, Brazil: incidence, seasonality and risk factors","volume":"16","author":"CR Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004275","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Determinants of Urban Leptospirosis Transmission: Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Slum Residents in Brazil","volume":"10","author":"JE Hagan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0415","article-title":"Urban leptospirosis in Africa: a cross-sectional survey of Leptospiral infection in rodents in the Kibera urban settlement, Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"89","author":"JE Halliday","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004122","article-title":"Global Burden of Leptospirosis: Estimated in Terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years","volume":"9","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004400","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004400","article-title":"Micro-scale Spatial Clustering of Cholera Risk Factors in Urban Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Q Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Cholera highlights urban risk factors. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/archive\/44762\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.unisdr.org\/archive\/44762<\/ext-link>. Accessed October 31, 2016."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ976","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for typhoid fever control: a call for coordinated action","volume":"62","author":"AD Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2014-0075","article-title":"The 2008\/2009 cholera outbreak in Harare, Zimbabwe: case of failure in urban environmental health and planning","volume":"30","author":"I Chirisa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.6.1429","article-title":"Cholera in Piura, Peru: a modern epidemic","volume":"166","author":"AA Ries","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9957-4-4","article-title":"Urban schistosomiasis and associated determinant factors among school children in Bamako, Mali, West Africa","volume":"4","author":"A Dabo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0060","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthes in pre-school-aged and school-aged children in an urban slum: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, distribution, and associated exposure","volume":"91","author":"SM Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004469","article-title":"Risk of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in People with Different Exposures to Wastewater and Fecal Sludge in Kampala, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"10","author":"S Fuhrimann","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003521","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003521","article-title":"The Relative Contribution of Immigration or Local Increase for Persistence of Urban Schistosomiasis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil","volume":"9","author":"RE Blanton","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-1486-2013","article-title":"Schistosomiasis mansoni in urban northeast Brazil: influence of rainfall regime on the population dynamics of Biomphalaria sp","volume":"46","author":"DS Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-81","article-title":"The global limits and population at risk of soil-transmitted helminth infections in 2010","volume":"5","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1077-x","article-title":"Assessing the presence of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/italic> in vector and human populations from urban communities in Conakry, Guinea","volume":"8","author":"BL Kouassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002700","article-title":"Related Rural-Urban Migration in Sierra Leone and Liberia","volume":"8","author":"DK de Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1086\/651608","article-title":"Large urban outbreak of orally acquired acute Chagas disease at a school in Caracas, Venezuela","volume":"201","author":"B Alarc\u00f3n de Noya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003425","article-title":"Population Structure of the Chagas Disease Vector <italic>Triatoma infestans<\/italic> in an Urban Environment","volume":"9","author":"CE Khatchikian","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"0","key":"ref29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Risk factors, representations and practices associated with emerging urban human visceral leishmaniasis in Posadas, Argentina","volume":"36","author":"K Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedica"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003951","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003951","article-title":"<italic>Lutzomyia longipalpis<\/italic> Presence and Abundance Distribution at Different Micro-spatial Scales in an Urban Scenario","volume":"9","author":"MS Santini","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Supl 6","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0163","article-title":"Epidemiology of <italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/italic> malaria in India","volume":"95","author":"AR Anvikar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001101","article-title":"Heterogeneity in hotspots: spatio-temporal patterns in neglected parasitic diseases","volume":"143","author":"A Lal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004619","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004619","article-title":"NTD and NCD Co-morbidities: The Example of Dengue Fever","volume":"10","author":"P Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T13:31:37Z","timestamp":1589031097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005308"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005308","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]]}}}