{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:14:18Z","timestamp":1790234058891,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T13:36:33Z","timestamp":1489412193000},"page":"e0005407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Epidemiology of cholera outbreaks and socio-economic characteristics of the communities in the fishing villages of Uganda: 2011-2015"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-2857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Godfrey","family":"Bwire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Munier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issaka","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Heyerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Komakech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atek","family":"Kagirita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Mhlanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthe","family":"Njanpop-Lafourcade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugagga","family":"Malimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Makumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wandawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford D.","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher Garimoi","family":"Orach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"40","key":"ref1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Cholera, 2014","volume":"90","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003832","article-title":"Updated Global Burden of Cholera in Endemic Countries","volume":"9","author":"M Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.071260","article-title":"Lakes as Source of Cholera Outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"14","author":"D Bompangue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1711.110170","article-title":"Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in great Lakes region of Africa, 1978\u20132008","volume":"17","author":"DB Nkoko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru077","article-title":"Cholera in Africa: new momentum in fighting an old problem","volume":"108","author":"MA Mengel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"117","article-title":"Cholera outbreaks in Africa","author":"MA Mengel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811001956","article-title":"A cholera outbreak among semi-nomadic pastoralists in northeastern Uganda: epidemiology and interventions","author":"MJ Cummings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cholera in endemic districts in Uganda during El Ni\u00f1o rains: 2002\u20132003","volume":"6","author":"SO Alajo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.02.1633","article-title":"Risk factors for repeated cholera outbreak in Arua municipal council, north-western Uganda","volume":"14","author":"M Andrawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002545","article-title":"The Burden of Cholera in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"G Bwire","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit203","article-title":"Cholera surveillance in Uganda: an analysis of notifications for the years 2007\u20132011","volume":"208","author":"G Bwire","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Golub S, Varma A. Fishing Exports and Economic Development of Least Developed Countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Comoros, Sierra Leone and Uganda [Internet]. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2014. Available from: https:\/\/www.swarthmore.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/documents\/user_profiles\/sgolub1\/UNCTAD.fisheries.final.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1638","article-title":"Vulnerability in African small-scale fishing communities","volume":"23","author":"D Mills","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318251555d","article-title":"High HIV Incidence and Socio-Behavioral Risk Patterns in Fishing Communities on the Shores of Lake Victoria, Uganda","volume":"39","author":"J Seeley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070770","article-title":"HIV infection in fishing communities of Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda\u2014a cross-sectional sero-behavioral survey","volume":"8","author":"A Opio","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9057","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08478-4","article-title":"Epidemic cholera in Burundi: Patterns of transmission in the Great Rift Valley Lake region","volume":"349","author":"ME Birmingham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Uganda. The Second National Health Policy 2010\/11 to 2019\/20 [Internet]. 2010 p. 30. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/medicinedocs\/documents\/s18426en\/s18426en.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"The implementation of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in Uganda: a review of progress and challenges between 2001 and 2007","author":"L Lukwago","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Weatherbase. Uganda Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase) [Internet]. [cited 2017 Jan 28]. Available from: http:\/\/www.weatherbase.com\/weather\/city.php3?c=UG&name=Uganda<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004679","article-title":"Cholera Incidence and Mortality in Sub-Saharan African Sites during Multi-country Surveillance","volume":"10","author":"D Sauvageot","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Uganda. Prevention and control of cholera, operational guidelines for the district health workers and planners. 2007. 13\u201314 p."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Uganda. Standard Operational Procedure for Laboratory isolation of Vibrio Cholera. 2006."},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC); Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Vibrio Cholerae: Isolation of Vibrio. Centers Dis Control Prev [Internet]. 2004; Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cholera\/pdf\/laboratory-methods-for-the-diagnosis-of-vibrio-cholerae-chapter-4.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"National Population and housing Census","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics. 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census Main Report. 2005;26. Available from: http:\/\/www.ubos.org\/onlinefiles\/uploads\/ubos\/pdfdocuments\/2002CensusFinalReportdoc.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"QGIS. QGIS geographic information system. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http:\/\/qgis.osgeo.org\/en\/site\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Design F, Ohca U. humanitarian data exchange [Internet]. Frog design portfolio. 2015. Available from: https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture AI and, (MAAIF) F. Department of Fisheries Resources Annual Report 2010\/11. 2011; Available from: http:\/\/www.agriculture.go.ug\/userfiles\/DFRANNUALREPORT2012.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"128","article-title":"Fisheries Development Issues and Their Impacts on the Livelihoods of Fishing Communities in West-Africa: An Overview","volume":"1","author":"C B\u00e9n\u00e9","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food, Agric Environ"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Uganda National Household Survey 2012\/2013","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"AIAS. Wageindicator.org<\/ext-link>\u2014Latest publications from WageIndicator [Internet]. 2012. Available from: http:\/\/www.wageindicator.org\/main\/Wageindicatorfoundation\/publications<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit204","article-title":"Elimination of Cholera in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The New National Policy","volume":"208","author":"JJ Muyembe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156674","article-title":"Cross-Border Cholera Outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Mystery behind the Silent Illness: What Needs to Be Done?","volume":"11","author":"G Bwire","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.271","article-title":"Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: An environmental reservoir for cholera?","volume":"60","author":"RL Shapiro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1405.071260","article-title":"Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"14","author":"D Bompangue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cholera outbreak in districts around Lake Chilwa, Malawi: Lessons learned","volume":"24","author":"A Khonje","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"Environmental determinants of cholera outbreaks in inland africa: A systematic review of main transmission foci and propagation routes","author":"S Rebaudet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.046805","article-title":"HIV and syphilis prevalence and associated risk factors among fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda","volume":"87","author":"G Asiki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18621","article-title":"High HIV-1 prevalence, risk behaviours, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials in fishing communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda","volume":"16","author":"N Kiwanuka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Inter-Regional Inequality Facility at the Development, Institute. Policy Brief 10. Education [Internet]. 2006;(February). Available from: http:\/\/www.odi.org\/sites\/odi.org.uk\/files\/odi-assets\/publications-opinion-files\/4072.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"WHO. Oral Cholera Vaccine stockpile for cholera emergency response [Internet]. 2013. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/cholera\/vaccines\/Briefing_OCV_stockpile.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"WHO. WHO position paper. 2010;(March). Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/cholera_PP_slides_20_Mar_2010.pdf<\/ext-link>"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490659200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T13:33:49Z","timestamp":1568900029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005407","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]}}}