{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:20:17Z","timestamp":1791958817504,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T17:39:54Z","timestamp":1501781994000},"page":"e0005534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Chromoblastomycosis in India: Review of 169 cases"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Reshu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-8419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnab","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushal Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mragnayani","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Immaculata","family":"Xess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.07.005","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"14","author":"FB Yap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 19","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000700009","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: A Neglected Tropical Disease","volume":"57","author":"F Queiroz-Telles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03415.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: clinical presentation and management","volume":"34","author":"M Ameen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5114\/pdia.2014.40949","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"31","author":"PM Krzysciak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903008813","article-title":"Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis of 36 years duration caused by <italic>Fonsecaea monophora<\/italic>","volume":"48","author":"MJ Najafzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3109\/13693780903503081","article-title":"<italic>Fonsecaea nubica<\/italic> sp. nov, a new agent of human chromoblastomycosis revealed using molecular data","volume":"48","author":"MJ Najafzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2010.22.3.362","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis Caused by <italic>Phialophora richardsiae<\/italic>","volume":"22","author":"YM Son","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00008.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in India","volume":"36","author":"C Rajendran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4103\/1110-6530.150272","article-title":"A retrospective study of chromomycosis in a tertiary care institution in South India","volume":"34","author":"RM Bhat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egyptian J Dermatol Venerol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","first-page":"469","article-title":"Case reports of chromomycosis","volume":"36","author":"S Deshpande","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","first-page":"54","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"61","author":"R Bharti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref12","first-page":"310","article-title":". Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"44","author":"K Kumar","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"498","article-title":"\u00dcber die brasilianische &quot;Figueira&quot; (Vorl\u00e4ufige Mitteilung)","volume":"18","author":"M Rudolph","year":"1914","journal-title":"Arch Schiffs Tropen-Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","first-page":"351","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in India","volume":"28","author":"LM Kakoti","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00820.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in India","volume":"38","author":"NL Sharma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"95","article-title":"Occupational mycoses","author":"Y Al-Doory","year":"1983"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2001.00613.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: clinical and mycologic experience of 51 cases","volume":"44","author":"A Bonifaz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802538001","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: an overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"47","author":"F Queiroz-Telles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.539631","article-title":"Mycoses of implantation in Latin America: an overview of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"49","author":"F Queiroz-Telles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"122","article-title":"Clinicopathological study of cutaneous chromoblastomycosis in Pakistan","volume":"22","author":"I Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pak Assoc Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780500543238","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in children and adolescents in the endemic area of the Falcon State, Venezuela","volume":"44","author":"M Perez-Blanco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Mycology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2005.01089.x","article-title":"A case of chromomycosis caused by <italic>Fonsecaea pedrosoi<\/italic> and a review of reported cases of dematiaceous fungal infection in Japan","volume":"48","author":"M Kondo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006957415346","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: a retrospective study of 325 cases on Amazonic Region (Brazil)","volume":"143","author":"JP Silva","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00322.x","article-title":"Acute chromoblastomycosis provoked by an insect bite in an immunosuppressed patient","volume":"41","author":"E Sauerteig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112220","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: a review of 100 cases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"R Minotto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1983.tb03371.x","article-title":"Chromomycosis in Japan","volume":"22","author":"R Fukushiro","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.10.883","article-title":"Tropical dermatology: fungal tropical diseases","volume":"53","author":"O Lupi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022948329193","article-title":"The cell-mediated immune reaction in the cutaneous lesion of chromoblastomycosis and their correlation with different clinical forms of the disease","volume":"156","author":"SC d'Avila","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"276","article-title":"Medical Mycology: The Pathogenic Fungi and the Pathogenic Actinomycetes","author":"JW Rippon","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"337","article-title":"Medical Mycology","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"1992"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","first-page":"314","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis with squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"M Jacob","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","first-page":"155","article-title":"Disseminated chromoblastomycosis","volume":"57","author":"K Pavithran","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","first-page":"281","article-title":"Chromomycosis due to <italic>Phialophora pedrosoi<\/italic>","volume":"47","author":"K Radhakrishnamurthy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","first-page":"35","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis (A case report)","volume":"43","author":"KC Verma","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","first-page":"331","article-title":"Cutaneous chromomycosis with pulmonary geotrichosis","volume":"55","author":"NL Sharma","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","first-page":"181","article-title":"Chromomycosis with some unusual features","volume":"52","author":"V Battu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01398.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis with underlying osteolytic lesion","volume":"50","author":"NL Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ104","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma derived from chronic chromoblastomycosis in Brazil","volume":"60","author":"CM Azevedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9824-7","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis by <italic>Cladophialophora carrionii<\/italic> associated with squamous cell carcinoma and review of published reports","volume":"179","author":"OC Rojas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7184.55486","article-title":"Genital elephantiasis as a complication of chromoblastomycosis: A diagnosis overlooked","volume":"30","author":"N Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1967.01600310063013","article-title":"Hematogenous dissemination in chromoblastomycosis: Report of a generalized case","volume":"95","author":"RD Azulay","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","first-page":"169","article-title":"Observations on Dermatomycosis in Puerto Rico. Report on a Case of Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"9","author":"AL Carrion","year":"1933","journal-title":"Puerto Rico J Public Health Trop Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30593-X","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"7","author":"CP Milam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-344X.105087","article-title":"Disseminated chromoblastomycosis: Diffuse truncal involvement with hematogenous spread","volume":"1","author":"KVT Gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Health Allied Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02051408","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis caused by a rare yeast like dematiaceous fungus","volume":"9","author":"RV Rajam","year":"1958","journal-title":"Mycopathol Mycol Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.29342","article-title":"Lymphangitic chromoblastomycosis","volume":"72","author":"K Muhammed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"125","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis resembling sporotrichosis","volume":"59","author":"SP Nair","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822014005000025","article-title":"A case of extensive chromoblastomycosis from North India","volume":"45","author":"GK Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701630420","article-title":"A rare case of chromoblastomycosis in a renal transplant recipient caused by a non-sporulating species of Rhytidhysteron","volume":"46","author":"A Chowdhary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00477.x","article-title":"Unusual presentation of chromoblastomycosis due to <italic>Cladophialophora carrionii<\/italic> in a renal and pancreas transplant recipient patient successfully treated with posaconazole and surgical excision","volume":"12","author":"C Dupont","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027370","article-title":"Chromomycosis in a European renal transplant recipient","volume":"11","author":"A Franco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.4.852b","article-title":"Follow-up on a transplant recipient with chromomycosis","volume":"12","author":"A Franco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000183468","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in a renal transplant patient","volume":"40","author":"LA Morales","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-016-0005-8","article-title":"Spectral Manifestation of Melanized Fungal Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Report of Six Cases","volume":"181","author":"MM Ogawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.111868","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in a renal allograft recipient","volume":"23","author":"YS Sooraj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref56","first-page":"251","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis Caused by <italic>Cladophialophora bantiana<\/italic> in a Renal Transplant Recipient From Delhi, India","volume":"13","author":"P Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360060100015","article-title":"Cutaneous chromomycosis in renal transplant recipients. Successful management in two cases","volume":"145","author":"PA Wackym","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443936","article-title":"Partial suppression of cell mediated immunity in chromoblastomycosis","volume":"119","author":"J Fuchs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.90192","article-title":"Concurrent mycetoma and chromomycosis","volume":"29","author":"R Murthy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref60","first-page":"614","article-title":"Concurrent mycetoma and chromomycosis: case report from Senegal","volume":"63","author":"T Passeron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90412-3","article-title":"Concurrent chromoblastomycosis caused by <italic>Fonsecaea pedrosoi<\/italic> and actinomycetoma caused by <italic>Nocardia brasiliensis<\/italic>","volume":"32","author":"PD Wortman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"181","article-title":"Geographical distribution of chromoblastomycosis and its various pathogenic agents","volume":"4","author":"ER Brygoo","year":"1975","journal-title":"Bull Soc Fr Mycol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1979.tb00120.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in Queensland: a retrospective study of 13 cases at the Royal Brisbane Hospital","volume":"20","author":"DF Leslie","year":"1979","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.132","article-title":"Chromomycosis: a clinical and mycologic study of thirty-five cases observed in the hinterland of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","volume":"25","author":"AT Londero","year":"1976","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2307\/3755185","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis; some observations on the types of the disease in South Africa","volume":"38","author":"FW Simson","year":"1946","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2009.090264","article-title":"Managing chromoblastomycosis","volume":"40","author":"M Ameen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000400005","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: study of 27 cases and review of medical literature","volume":"85","author":"RT Correia","year":"2010","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.32741","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in Nepal: a study of 13 cases","volume":"73","author":"SV Pradhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T19:39:59Z","timestamp":1659296399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Vinetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]}}}