{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:41:05Z","timestamp":1784126465043,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504051200000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT089992MA and 094691\/Z\/10\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT089992MA and 094691\/Z\/10\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1503077258000},"page":"e0005854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Expression of interferon-inducible chemokines and sleep\/wake changes during early encephalitis in experimental African trypanosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Laperchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tesoriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Seke-Etet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"La Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Colavito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gigliola","family":"Grassi-Zucconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Montague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-8583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter G. E.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Bentivoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005454","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis control: achievements and challenges","volume":"11","author":"S Aksoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001859","article-title":"Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness","volume":"6","author":"PP Simarro","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005585","article-title":"Monitoring the eliminating of human African trypanosomiasis: update to 2014","volume":"11","author":"J Franco","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"984","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","first-page":"257","article-title":"Epidemiology of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"6","author":"JR Franco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.21506","article-title":"Skin deep","volume":"5","author":"A Casas-Sanchez","year":"2016","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.12.001","article-title":"African trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions","volume":"91","author":"K Kristensson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"African trypanosomes and brain infection\u2014the unsolved question","author":"S Mogk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003714","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003714","article-title":"Intravital imaging of a massive lymphocyte response in the cortical dura of mice after peripheral infection by trypanosomes","volume":"9","author":"JA Coles","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"9709","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60829-1","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"375","author":"R Brun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70296-X","article-title":"Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)","volume":"12","author":"PGE Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"165","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases and Conditions of the Nervous System","author":"A Buguet","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050055","article-title":"Eliminating human African trypanosomiasis: where do we stand and what comes next?","volume":"5","author":"PP Simarro","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.066","article-title":"Alterations of orexinergic and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in experimental sleeping sickness","volume":"290","author":"M Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01449-3","article-title":"Microglia activation in a model of sleep disorder: an immunohistochemical study in the rat brain during <italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/italic> infection","volume":"832","author":"S Chianella","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1086\/644597","article-title":"Expression and role of CXCL10 during the encephalitic stage of experimental and clinical","volume":"200","author":"DN Amin","year":"2009","journal-title":"African trypanosomiasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000459","article-title":"A combined CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP panel for the staging of human African trypanosomiasis patients","volume":"3","author":"A Hainard","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040909","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as marker of the meningo-encephalitic stage of <italic>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense<\/italic> sleeping sickness","volume":"7","author":"N Tiberti","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2001-1326-2-1","article-title":"New biomarkers for stage determination in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense<\/italic> sleeping sickness patients","volume":"2","author":"N Tiberti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical and translational medicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.05.045","article-title":"Migration of African trypanosomes across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"92","author":"W Masocha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005242","article-title":"<italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/italic> invasion and T-cell infiltration of the brain parenchyma in experimental sleeping sickness: timing and correlation with functional changes","volume":"10","author":"C Laperchia","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.10.001","article-title":"Sleep structure: a new diagnostic tool for stage determination in sleeping sickness","volume":"93","author":"A Buguet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2000.0130","article-title":"The duality of sleeping sickness: focusing on sleep","volume":"5","author":"A Buguet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020322801114","article-title":"Clinical follow-up in the rat experimental model of African-Trypanosomiasis","volume":"228","author":"A Darsaud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2012.660713","article-title":"Sleep and rhythm changes at the time of <italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/italic> invasion of the brain parenchyma in the rat","volume":"29","author":"PF Seke Etet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chronobiology international"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)00265-3","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation, and changes in locomotor-activity and body-temperature in Trypanosome-infected rats","volume":"37","author":"G Grassi-Zucconi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51570","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051570","article-title":"Varicella-zoster viruses associated with post-herpetic neuralgia induce sodium current density increases in the ND7-23 Nav-1.8 neuroblastoma cell line","volume":"8","author":"PGE Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref28","article-title":"A technique for serial collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna in mouse","author":"L Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of visualized experiments JoVE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1006.1","article-title":"Effect of radiation on gene expression of rat liver chemokines: in vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"169","author":"F Moriconi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiation Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21636-6","article-title":"Adenosine analogs and sleep in rats","volume":"228","author":"M Radulovacki","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep\/32.1.111","article-title":"Int Working Grp Rodent Models N. A consensus definition of cataplexy in mouse models of narcolepsy","volume":"32","author":"TE Scammell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-05-01869.1997","article-title":"Sleep and sleep regulation in normal and prion protein-deficient mice","volume":"17","author":"I Tobler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521463112","article-title":"H1N1 influenza virus induces narcolepsy-like sleep disruption and targets sleep-wake regulatory neurons in mice","volume":"113","author":"C Tesoriero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.9.727","article-title":"The frequency of multiple sleep onset REM periods among subjects with no excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"19","author":"C Bishop","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19991108)414:1<114::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Chronic overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and histopathology in the brains of rats infected with <italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/italic>","volume":"414","author":"N Quan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"18","article-title":"Role of CXCL10 in central nervous system inflammation","volume":"6","author":"D Michlmayr","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Interferon, Cytokine and Mediator Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.12.002","article-title":"CXCL10 and autoimmune diseases","volume":"8","author":"EY Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000218","article-title":"Strategies that target leukocyte traffic in inflammatory bowel diseases: recent developments","volume":"31","author":"J Rivera-Nieves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.06.043","article-title":"Roles for chemokines in liver disease","volume":"147","author":"F Marra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-0928","article-title":"Molecular pathways: hepatitis C virus, CXCL10, and the inflammatory road to liver cancer","volume":"19","author":"J Brownell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-147","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarkers of cerebral malaria mortality in Ghanaian children","volume":"6","author":"HB Armah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Malaria Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2010.01089.x","article-title":"Review: The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in neuroimmunity\u2014a tale of conflict and conundrum","volume":"36","author":"M Muller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001857","article-title":"Stage progression and neurological symptoms in <italic>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense<\/italic> sleeping sickness: role of the CNS inflammatory response","volume":"6","author":"L MacLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0770","article-title":"Identification of stage biomarkers for human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"82","author":"DN Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between sleep and immunity against infections","author":"EG Ibarra-Coronado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000054351","article-title":"Plasma melatonin rhythm is maintained in human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"68","author":"B Claustrat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00084-7","article-title":"African trypanosomiasis in the rat alters melatonin secretion and melatonin receptor binding in the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"47","author":"K Kristensson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.08.003","article-title":"Prostaglandin D-2 and sleep\/wake regulation","volume":"15","author":"Y Urade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.01.005","article-title":"Suramin and minocycline treatment of experimental African trypanosomiasis at an early stage of parasite brain invasion","volume":"106","author":"DN Amin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342","article-title":"The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms","volume":"26","author":"S Ancoli-Israel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.10.001","article-title":"The role and validity of actigraphy in sleep medicine: An update","volume":"15","author":"A Sadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001525","article-title":"Actigraphy in human African trypanosomiasis as a tool for objective clinical evaluation and monitoring: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"AK Njamnshi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504051200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T23:31:23Z","timestamp":1750807883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Enock","family":"Matovu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]}}}