{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:44:33Z","timestamp":1789533873429,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000}}],"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice Chancellor of Research of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz","award":["94-7556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94-7556"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T13:28:38Z","timestamp":1507210118000},"page":"e0005957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Efficacy of cryotherapy plus topical Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb cream versus cryotherapy plus placebo in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: A triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2444-0073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farhad","family":"Handjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoodreza","family":"Moein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Nimrouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jafar","family":"Hassanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Hamidizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Khorrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Zarshenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","author":"S Sundar","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Habif T. Clinical Dermatology. 5 ed. USA: Mosby; 2010. 1040 p."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","first-page":"153","article-title":"A History of Leishmaniasis in Iran from 19th Century Onward","volume":"19","author":"MH Azizi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian medicine"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref4","first-page":"175","article-title":"Note on the history of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean and Middle East area","volume":"29","author":"R Bray","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The Canon in Medicine","author":"H Avicenna","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sixtieth World Health Assembly. Control of leishmaniasis. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland [Internet]. 2007. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/69916\/1\/WHO_CDS_NTD_IDM_2007.3_eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/69916\/1\/WHO_CDS_NTD_IDM_2007.3_eng.pdf<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"45","article-title":"Spatial distribution and molecular identification of leishmania species from endemic foci of South-eastern iran","volume":"7","author":"F Sharifi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0143","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania major infection) in Dutch troops deployed in northern Afghanistan: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and treatment","volume":"83","author":"PP van Thiel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.021","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Leishmania major strains isolated from different clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Iran based on minicircle kDNA","volume":"19","author":"A Oryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infection, genetics and evolution: journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of three methods for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"B Pourmohammadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Cotaneus Leishmaniosis","author":"A Aslian","year":"1992"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effect of opium in the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniosis","volume":"4","author":"M Mapar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Iranian Journal Of Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1086\/382135","article-title":"Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of american cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure?","volume":"189","author":"MG Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01605.x","article-title":"The psychological impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"29","author":"M Yanik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis (&quot;espundia&quot; Escomel, 1911)","volume":"80","author":"PD Marsden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","first-page":"CD008736","article-title":"Vector and reservoir control for preventing leishmaniasis","author":"U Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.09.014","article-title":"Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: Differential diagnosis, diagnosis, histopathology, and management","volume":"73","author":"MZ Handler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.008","article-title":"Leishmaniasis\u2014current chemotherapy and recent advances in the search for novel drugs","volume":"19","author":"SL Croft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends in parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.016","article-title":"Treatment of acute Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review of the randomized controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"A Khatami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02822.x","article-title":"Comparison of intralesional meglumine antimoniate, cryotherapy and their combination in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"45","author":"R Salmanpour","year":"2006","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02002.x","article-title":"Comparative study of the efficacy of combined cryotherapy and intralesional meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) vs. cryotherapy and intralesional meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) alone for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"43","author":"A Asilian","year":"2004","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1086\/515027","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of intravenous sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of leishmaniasis: recent U.S. military experience","volume":"27","author":"NE Aronson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.02.007","article-title":"Systematic review of the adverse effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in the New World","volume":"118","author":"LF Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1996.tb03669.x","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis: schedules for intralesional treatment with sodium stibogluconate","volume":"35","author":"TM Tallab","year":"1996","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-185R","article-title":"Clinical features, epidemiology, and efficacy and safety of intralesional antimony treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent experience in Turkey","volume":"90","author":"S Uzun","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.172","article-title":"Efficacy of cryotherapy versus intralesional meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children","volume":"80","author":"P Layegh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00045.x","article-title":"A 2-year study of liquid nitrogen therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"36","author":"O al-Majali","year":"1997","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.02628.x","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with cryosurgery","volume":"44","author":"A Panagiotopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1663-3","article-title":"Efficacy of cryotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: meta-analyses of clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"L Lopez-Carvajal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","first-page":"226","article-title":"Adverse effects of intralesional Glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniosis","volume":"36","author":"A Masmoudi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medecine et maladies infectieuses"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.574","article-title":"Association of treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis prior to ulcer development with high rate of failure in northeastern Brazil","volume":"80","author":"A Unger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem011","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of Iranian conifers","volume":"4","author":"SA Emami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.147212","article-title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus excelsa Bieb. (Cupressaceae) grown in R","volume":"7","author":"F Sela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macedonia. Pharmacognosy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-008-0040-x","article-title":"COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Juniperus excelsa ESSENTIAL OIL","volume":"44","author":"M Unlu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemistry of Natural Compounds"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"103","article-title":"Anorectal Diseases in Avicenna&apos;s &quot;Canon of Medicine&quot;","volume":"2","author":"SH Mosavat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Med Hist Adriat"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2016.11.010","article-title":"Efficacy of topical chamomile oil for mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"MH Hashempur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.0144","article-title":"Rhazes\u2014His Life and Contributions to the Field of Dermatology","volume":"153","author":"MH Hashempur","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350220062033","article-title":"Rhazes. The original portrayer of smallpox","volume":"252","author":"AM Behbehani","year":"1984","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Razi M. Al-havi. Tehran, Iran: Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran (Original work published 10th century)[Arabic]; 2005."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.04.015","article-title":"Comparative chemical composition, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic activities of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. oxycedrus L. berry and wood oils from Lebanon","volume":"105","author":"MR Loizzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.06.031","article-title":"Insights into cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of five Juniperus species","volume":"49","author":"N Orhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1159\/000210960","article-title":"Mouse skin inflammation induced by multiple topical applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate","volume":"4","author":"PL Stanley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"A therapeutic approach for wound healing by using essential oils of cupressus and juniperus species growing in Turkey","volume":"2012","author":"I Tumen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Antileishmanial Activities of Greek Juniper (Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb.) Against Leishmania major Promastigotes","author":"M Moein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref45","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants","volume":"5","author":"F Pourmorad","year":"2006","journal-title":"African journal of biotechnology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1","article-title":"Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent","volume":"299","author":"VL Singleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods in enzymology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.6.787","article-title":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of the Eyelids: A Case Series with Molecular Identification and Literature Review","volume":"54","author":"I Mohammadpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0214","article-title":"First detection of Leishmania major in Rattus norvegicus from Fars Province, Southern Iran","volume":"10","author":"MH Motazedian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.2877-2881.1998","article-title":"A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan","volume":"36","author":"HA Noyes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2178-7","article-title":"Lip leishmaniasis: a case series with molecular identification and literature review","volume":"17","author":"I Mohammadpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania DNA within naturally infected sand flies by seminested PCR on minicircle kinetoplastic DNA","volume":"66","author":"AM Aransay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref52","first-page":"1495","article-title":"In vitro Antileishmanial, Antitumor Activities and Phytochemical Studies of Methanolic Extract and its Fractions of Juniperus Excelsa Berries","volume":"19","author":"Sajid Nabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Applied Sciences Journal"},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"Mirzavand M. Antileishmanial Activity of Leaf, Fruit and Fractions of Leaf of Juniperus excelsa on L. major by in Vitro and in Vivo Model [Master&apos;s thesis]: Shiraz university of medical science; 2014 <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/elib.sums.ac.ir\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-detail.pl?bib=500087754\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/elib.sums.ac.ir\/cgi-bin\/koha\/opac-detail.pl?bib=500087754<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.04.035","article-title":"Efficacy and short-term safety of topical Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) versus diclofenac for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial","volume":"188","author":"M Jabbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587214567954","article-title":"Topical Allium ampeloprasum subsp Iranicum (Leek) extract cream in patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids: a pilot randomized and controlled clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"SH Mosavat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"21","article-title":"Sexual headache from view point of Avicenna and traditional Persian medicine","volume":"21","author":"SH Mosavat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.030","article-title":"Antileishmanial activities associated with plants used in the Malian traditional medicine","volume":"110","author":"KM Ahua","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"59","article-title":"Oriental sore in traditional Persian medicine","volume":"1","author":"M Mosaddegh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Islamic Iran Tradit Med"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Zakhire Kharazmshahi","author":"E Jurjani","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Aghili Khorasani Shirazi M Makhzan al-Adwiah (Drug Treasure). Reprinted from a copy which was printed in Calcutta dated in 1844. Tehran: Enqelab-e Eslami Publishing and Educational Organization; 1992."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1258\/jmb.2010.010031","article-title":"Ali ibn Hosein Ansari (1330\u20131404): a Persian pharmacist and his pharmacopoeia, Ekhtiyarat i Badi i","volume":"19","author":"F Ramezany","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of medical biography"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref62","first-page":"168","article-title":"Plants used to treat \u201ctabe reb\u00e1\u201d(malaria like fever) in Iranian Traditional Medicine","volume":"1","author":"S Ghafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Traditional and Herbal Medicine"},{"key":"ref63","article-title":"Al-Abniyah an Haqayeq al-Adwiyah (Basics of Realities on Drugs)","author":"M Heravi","year":"1967"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref64","first-page":"8154","article-title":"Comparative analysis of essential oil contents of Juniperus excelsa (M. Beib.) found in Balochistan, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"MH Khajjak","year":"2012","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"46","key":"ref65","first-page":"3367","article-title":"Chemical diversity and leishmanicidal activity of Manekia obtusa Miq (Piperaceae)","volume":"7","author":"ALS Barreto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref66","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Artemisia species from iran as valuable resources for medicinal uses","volume":"8","author":"MR Naghavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food and Biotechnological Engineering"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-873183","article-title":"Quercitrin: an antileishmanial flavonoid glycoside from Kalanchoe pinnata","volume":"72","author":"MF Muzitano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Planta medica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1352-1364.2006","article-title":"Antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities of flavonoids and their analogues: in vitro, in vivo, structure-activity relationship, and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies","volume":"50","author":"D Tasdemir","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy"},{"key":"ref69","first-page":"108","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide, nitroxidative and oxidative stress in wound healing","volume":"57","author":"A Soneja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2001","article-title":"Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function","volume":"82","author":"W Dr\u00f6ge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiological reviews"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-58","article-title":"Thermotherapy. An alternative for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"L Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2012.06.004","article-title":"Local or systemic treatment for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis? Re-evaluating the evidence for the risk of mucosal leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"J Blum","year":"2012","journal-title":"International health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-015-0114-z","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis: recent developments in diagnosis and management","volume":"16","author":"HJ de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"American journal of clinical dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref74","first-page":"155","article-title":"Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Glucantime Used for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"M Beheshti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651999000100007","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity attributed to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) in the treatment of generalized cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"41","author":"M Rodrigues","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.04.014","article-title":"Superior efficacy of oral fluconazole 400 mg daily versus oral fluconazole 200 mg daily in the treatment of cutaneous leishmania major infection: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"64","author":"M Emad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.05.008","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"25","author":"MS Bailey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinics in dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00045.x","article-title":"A 2\u2010year study of liquid nitrogen therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"36","author":"O Al\u2010Majali","year":"1997","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62887","article-title":"Drug resistance in leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"J Chakravarty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of global infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.65505","article-title":"Analysis of antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Juniperus excelsa M. B subsp. Polycarpos (K. Koch) Takhtajan essential oil","volume":"2","author":"M Moein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy research"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref82","first-page":"719","article-title":"Evaluation of antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of some Juniperus species growing in Turkey","volume":"36","author":"N ORHAN","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2008.10643633","article-title":"Chemical and antimicrobial studies of Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa and Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos essential oils","volume":"11","author":"J Asili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200590919429","article-title":"Cytotoxic Activity and Essential Oil Composition of Leaves and Berries of Juniperus excelsa","volume":"43","author":"G Top\u00e7u","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical biology"},{"issue":"360","key":"ref85","first-page":"2004","article-title":"The effect of Persian Juniperus excelsa extracts on cell-cycle phases of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line","volume":"33","author":"A Andalib","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Isfahan Medical School"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1987","article-title":"Activity of essential oils on the growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes","volume":"25","author":"M Machado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Flavour and Fragrance Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref87","first-page":"133","article-title":"Antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Juniperus excelsa extract","volume":"6","author":"M Moein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref88","first-page":"192","article-title":"Study the relationship between antioxidant potential and phenolic contents of Juniperus Excelsa fruit","volume":"6","author":"MM Reza","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref89","first-page":"799","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of the essential oils of different parts of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. subsp. excelsa and J. excelsa M. Bieb. subsp. polycarpos (K. Koch) Takhtajan (Cupressaceae)","volume":"10","author":"SA Emami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1999.00727.x","article-title":"A double-blind randomized clinical trial of a topical herbal extract (Z-HE) vs. systemic meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"38","author":"F Zerehsaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"International journal of dermatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref91","first-page":"365","article-title":"Antileishmanial activity of Peganum harmala extract on the in vitro growth of Leishmania major promastigotes in comparison to a trivalent antimony drug","volume":"77","author":"M Mirzaie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Veterinarski arhiv"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1039\/b100455g","article-title":"Plant natural products with leishmanicidal activity","volume":"18","author":"MJ Chan-Bacab","year":"2001","journal-title":"Natural product reports"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1605-y","article-title":"Evaluation of leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of Ricinus communis and Azadirachta indica extracts from western Kenya: in vitro and in vivo assays","volume":"8","author":"BN Jumba","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773213Y.0000000098","article-title":"Three Leishmania\/L. species\u2014L. infantum, L. major, L. tropica\u2014as causative agents of mucosal leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"107","author":"S Shirian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens and global health"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.013","article-title":"A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"103","author":"S Razmjou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1647-6","article-title":"Development of real-time PCR assays for evaluation of immune response and parasite load in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) infected by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis","volume":"9","author":"RP Ribeiro-Romao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites & vectors"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T16:35:52Z","timestamp":1603038952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Waleed Saleh","family":"Al-Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005957","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.731790617.793541608","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]]}}}