{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:13:44Z","timestamp":1790806424306,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000}}],"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science and Achievement Scholarship of Thailand"},{"name":"The Phramongkutklao College of Medicine Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T13:39:29Z","timestamp":1511185169000},"page":"e0006095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania infection in Trang Province, southern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jipada","family":"Manomat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saovanee","family":"Leelayoova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lertwut","family":"Bualert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peerapan","family":"Tan-ariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suradej","family":"Siripattanapipong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathirut","family":"Mungthin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawee","family":"Naaglor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-7336","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Phunlerd","family":"Piyaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Leishmaniasis\u2013HIV coinfection: current challenges","volume":"8","author":"JAL Lindoso","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001484","article-title":"Comparative study of rK39 <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Z Maia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07","article-title":"The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years","volume":"21","author":"J Alvar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00372-14","article-title":"Molecular tools for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy","volume":"52","author":"CM de Ruiter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0458-x","article-title":"Comparison of PCR methods for detection of <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic> infection","volume":"7","author":"A Hitakarun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90166-9","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: the first indigenous case report in Thailand","volume":"93","author":"U Thisyakorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0604","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Thailand: A Review of Causative Agents and Situations","volume":"96","author":"S Leelayoova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4592","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic>: intraspecific polymorphisms of Sudanese isolates revealed by PCR-based analyses and DNA sequencing","volume":"97","author":"NO El Tai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.12.003","article-title":"A suspected new species of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic>, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in a Thai patient","volume":"38","author":"T Sukmee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0707","article-title":"Autochthonous disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient, southern Thailand, caused by <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic>","volume":"86","author":"L Bualert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0749","article-title":"Consecutive cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis manifestations involving a novel <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> species in two HIV patients in Thailand","volume":"87","author":"S Chusri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0398","article-title":"Recurrences of visceral leishmaniasis caused by <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic> after treatment with amphotericin B in a seronegative child","volume":"90","author":"S Osatakul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-333","article-title":"<italic>Sergentomyia (Neophlebotomus) gemmea<\/italic>, a potential vector of <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic> in southern Thailand","volume":"13","author":"K Kanjanopas","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","first-page":"13","article-title":"Animal reservoirs and potential vectors of <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic> in southern Thailand","volume":"45","author":"S Chusri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-84256","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"96","author":"N Aronson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0345","article-title":"Asymptomatic Infection with Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Disease-Endemic Area in Bihar, India","volume":"83","author":"RK Topno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1284","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001284","article-title":"Incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic <italic>Leishmania donovani<\/italic> infections in high-endemic foci in India and Nepal: a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"B Ostyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","first-page":"348","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: Review of the Epidemiological and Clinical Features","volume":"8","author":"M Mohebali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.09.001","article-title":"Emergence of co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients in northeast Iran: a preliminary study.","volume":"12","author":"R Shafiei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004896","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004896","article-title":"Transmission Dynamics of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Indian Subcontinent\u2014A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"10","author":"S Hirve","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2657","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002657","article-title":"Strong association between serological status and probability of progression to clinical visceral leishmaniasis in prospective cohort studies in India and Nepal","volume":"8","author":"E Hasker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-199","article-title":"Cryptic <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> infection in Italian HIV infected patients","volume":"9","author":"C Colomba","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003366","article-title":"Quantitative PCR in Epidemiology for Early Detection of Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases in India","volume":"8","author":"M Sudarshan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8806","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91255-7","article-title":"Prevalence of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> infection among AIDS patients","volume":"339","author":"J Alvar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.01.008","article-title":"High frequency of asymptomatic <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> spp. infection among HIV-infected patients living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"106","author":"M Orsini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","first-page":"357","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania<\/italic>\/HIV co-infections in the second decade","volume":"123","author":"I Cruz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12556","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals","volume":"20","author":"J van Griensven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003594","article-title":"Epidemiological changes in leishmaniasis in Spain according to hospitalization-based records, 1997\u20132011: raising awareness towards leishmaniasis in non-HIV patients","volume":"9","author":"Z Herrador","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref29","first-page":"371","article-title":"Kala-azar epidemic in Varanasi district, India","volume":"77","author":"R Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern","volume":"27","author":"M Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniases: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Commitee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, 22\u201326 March 2010: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. 199 p."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-60","article-title":"Multilocus characterization and phylogenetic analysis of <italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/italic> isolated from autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis cases, southern Thailand","volume":"13","author":"S Leelayoova","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","first-page":"988","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis caused by <italic>Leishmania infantum<\/italic> in Thailand","volume":"39","author":"P Maharom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","first-page":"558","article-title":"Imported cutaneous leishmaniasis in Thailand","volume":"28","author":"P Viriyavejakul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000600014","article-title":"<italic>Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni<\/italic> (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a divergent <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> of the <italic>Viannia<\/italic> subgenus\u2014a mini review","volume":"100","author":"JR Correa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,4]],"date-time":"2017-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512345600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T01:09:25Z","timestamp":1750986565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006095","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.17504\/protocols.io.j2dcqa6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]}}}