{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:44:34Z","timestamp":1792172674272,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01TW009237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01TW009237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000690","name":"Research Councils UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J010367\/1, BB\/L018926, BB\/L017679, BB\/L018845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J010367\/1, BB\/L018926, BB\/L017679, BB\/L018845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI062563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI062563"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPPGH5231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPPGH5231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Francis G. Cotter Scholarship and MacGibbon Travel Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Francis G. Cotter Scholarship and MacGibbon Travel Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 TW009337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 TW009337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25 TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25 TW009343"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIAID-AI007392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIAID-AI007392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["096400\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["096400\/Z\/11\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI121378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI121378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI121378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI121378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI121378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI121378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI121378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI121378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T13:25:07Z","timestamp":1528377907000},"page":"e0006372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Risk factors for human acute leptospirosis in northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-1508","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Maze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shama","family":"Cash-Goldwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Rubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly M.","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee L.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina J.","family":"Sharples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo E. B.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cleaveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Shand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Muiruri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudovick R.","family":"Kazwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilbrod","family":"Saganda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingileki F.","family":"Lwezaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandina T.","family":"Mmbaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venance P.","family":"Maro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Crump","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003899","article-title":"Epidemiology of leptospirosis in Africa: a systematic review of a neglected zoonosis and a paradigm for &apos;One Health&apos; in Africa","volume":"9","author":"KJ Allan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002324","article-title":"Etiology of severe non-malaria febrile illness in Northern Tanzania: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"JA Crump","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005165","article-title":"Comparison of the estimated incidence of acute leptospirosis in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania between 2007\u201308 and 2012\u201314","volume":"10","author":"MJ Maze","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003843","article-title":"Environmental and behavioural determinants of leptospirosis transmission: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"MA Mwachui","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.3.583","article-title":"Factors associated with clinical leptospirosis: a population-based case-control study in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean)","volume":"28","author":"P Bovet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.605","article-title":"Population-based case-control investigation of risk factors for leptospirosis during an urban epidemic","volume":"66","author":"U Sarkar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0176","article-title":"Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania","volume":"85","author":"HM Biggs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12554106963393","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of leptospirosis, amongst at-risk groups in and around Tanga city, Tanzania","volume":"103","author":"L Schoonman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9607-1","article-title":"Herd and animal-level risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Tanga region of Tanzania","volume":"42","author":"L Schoonman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60190-1","article-title":"A survey of zoonotic diseases in trade cattle slaughtered at Tanga city abattoir: a cause of public health concern","volume":"2","author":"ES Swai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Allan KJ. Leptospirosis in northern Tanzania: investigating the role of rodents and ruminant livestock in a neglected public health problem [Doctoral Thesis]. Glasgow: University of Glasgow; 2016."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.249","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection and risk factors for leptospirosis in Nicaragua","volume":"63","author":"DA Ashford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001201","article-title":"Risk factors and the prevalence of leptospirosis infection in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico","volume":"131","author":"CB Leal-Castellanos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","first-page":"67","article-title":"Risk factors associated with leptospirosis during an outbreak in Middle Andaman, India","volume":"130","author":"AP Sugunan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12e05s32","article-title":"Leptospirosis serodiagnosis by the microscopic agglutination test","volume":"32","author":"MG Goris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leptospirosis (<italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic>) 2013 case definition 2013 [21 October 2015]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nndss\/conditions\/leptospirosis\/case-definition\/2013\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nndss\/conditions\/leptospirosis\/case-definition\/2013\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"2012 Population and Housing Census. Dar es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics (Tanzania), 2013."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1166-x","article-title":"Modelling the distribution and transmission intensity of lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa prior to scaling up interventions: integrated use of geostatistical and mathematical modelling","volume":"8","author":"P Moraga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"International Livestock Research Institute annual report 2002","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Land use and vegetation data: National Geomatic Center of China report. Beijing, China: 2010."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140809","article-title":"Spatial disease cluster: Detection and Inference","volume":"14","author":"M Kulldorff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSSCI.2008.017590","article-title":"Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process","volume":"1","author":"TL Saaty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Services Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3414\/ME10-01-0028","article-title":"Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for examining healthcare professionals&apos; assessments of risk factors. The relative importance of risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older people","volume":"50","author":"L Pecchia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.964","article-title":"The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"P Royston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103895","article-title":"Risk factors for leptospirosis seropositivity in slaughterhouse workers in western Kenya","volume":"74","author":"EA Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004858","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004858","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic> seroprevalence and risk factors in health centre patients in Hoima District, Western Uganda","volume":"10","author":"A Dreyfus","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-147","article-title":"Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"9","author":"AF Victoriano","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513498768","article-title":"Risk factors for leptospirosis infection in humans and implications for public health intervention in Indonesia and the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"26","author":"M Sakundarno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> in northern Tanzania","author":"KJ Allan","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Rice production in sub-Sahara Africa [8 August 2016]. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/riceforafrica.net\/index.php\/production\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/riceforafrica.net\/index.php\/production<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.957","article-title":"Seroprevalence of leptospirosis and risk factor analysis in flood-prone rural areas in Lao PDR","volume":"78","author":"L Kawaguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004405","article-title":"Human leptospirosis infection in Fiji: an eco-epidemiological approach to identifying risk factors and environmental drivers for transmission","volume":"10","author":"CL Lau","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004476","article-title":"Mixed methods survey of zoonotic disease awareness and practice among animal and human healthcare providers in Moshi, Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"HL Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63278-0","article-title":"New <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovar Sokoine of serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae from cattle in Tanzania","volume":"56","author":"GF Mgode","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e308","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030308","article-title":"Determining risk for severe leptospirosis by molecular analysis of environmental surface waters for pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>","volume":"3","author":"CA Ganoza","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1086\/346208","article-title":"Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis","volume":"36","author":"PN Levett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis403","article-title":"Fool&apos;s gold: Why imperfect reference tests are undermining the evaluation of novel diagnostics: a reevaluation of 5 diagnostic tests for leptospirosis","volume":"55","author":"D Limmathurotsakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Establishment of valid laboratory case definition for human leptospirosis","volume":"2012","author":"MG Goris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015509105668","article-title":"Persistence of anti-leptospiral IgM, IgG and agglutinating antibodies in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Barbados 1979\u20131989","volume":"17","author":"P Cumberland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Maze MJ, Galloway RL, Rubach MP, Allan KJ, Biggs HM, Halliday JE, et al., editors. Three Species Of Leptospira Detected In Blood Of Patients With Fever In Northern Tanzania. 10th International Leptospirosis Society Meeting; 2017 27 Nov-1 Dec 2017; Palmerston North, New Zealand."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Maze MJ, Rubach MP, Sakasaka P, Swai R, Afwamba I, Galloway RL, et al. Evaluation of performance of three commercially available leptospirosis IgM point-of-care tests to diagnose acute leptospirosis among patients with fever in northern Tanzania. 10th International Leptospirosis Society Meeting; Palmerston North, New Zealand. 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.110","article-title":"Leptospirosis: current situation and trends of specific laboratory tests","volume":"9","author":"S Schreier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.09.012","article-title":"Rapid tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis: current tools and emerging technologies","volume":"78","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref46","first-page":"941","article-title":"Usefulness of real-time PCR assay targeting <italic>LipL32<\/italic> gene for diagnosis of human leptospirosis in Uruguay","volume":"7","author":"S Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.12.004","article-title":"Use of patient-specific <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> isolates in the diagnosis of leptospirosis employing microscopic agglutination testing (MAT)","volume":"105","author":"CK Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0252","article-title":"The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is an unreliable predictor of infecting <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovar in Thailand","volume":"81","author":"LD Smythe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03474.x","article-title":"Emergence, control and re-emerging leptospirosis: dynamics of infection in the changing world","volume":"17","author":"RA Hartskeerl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T02:00:26Z","timestamp":1571450426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006372"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Janet","family":"Foley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006372","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]}}}