{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:02:38Z","timestamp":1791644558032,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n (UY)","award":["ALI_1_2014_1_4982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALI_1_2014_1_4982"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n (UY)","award":["FSA_1_2013_1_12557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSA_1_2013_1_12557"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Industry, Industrial Funds program of the National Direction of Industries, Uruguay","award":["2016-8-2-002671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-8-2-002671"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n (UY)","award":["FSA_X_2014_1_105696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FSA_X_2014_1_105696"]}]},{"name":"FOCEM (MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund)","award":["COF 03\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COF 03\/11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T17:30:13Z","timestamp":1536859813000},"page":"e0006694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Isolation of pathogenic Leptospira strains from naturally infected cattle in Uruguay reveals high serovar diversity, and uncovers a relevant risk for human leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Zarantonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Suanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Meny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Buroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Nieves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ximena","family":"Salaberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Briano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Ashfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Da Silva Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Easton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-9723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-6848","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Giannitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Hamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Mac\u00edas-Rioseco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mortola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jair","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3379-1032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Schelotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franklin","family":"Riet-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2509-6526","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Buschiazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Grupo de Trabajo Interinstitucional de Leptospirosis Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.5","article-title":"Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita?","volume":"15","author":"M Picardeau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"99","article-title":"Animal leptospirosis","volume":"387","author":"WA Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"65","article-title":"Leptospirosis in humans","volume":"387","author":"DA Haake","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1462","key":"ref4","first-page":"102","article-title":"Leptospirosis in three workers on a dairy farm with unvaccinated cattle","volume":"130","author":"J Benschop","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"History of leptospirosis and leptospira","volume":"387","author":"B Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12411","article-title":"Risk factors of Leptospira infection in Mediterranean periurban micromammals","volume":"65","author":"J Millan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003898","article-title":"Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"F Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004122","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004122","article-title":"Global burden of leptospirosis: estimated in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years","volume":"9","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"186","article-title":"Avances en leptospirosis en el Uruguay","volume":"9","author":"CR Caffarena RM","year":"1971","journal-title":"Rev Urug Pat Cl\u00edn Microbiol"},{"issue":"157","key":"ref10","first-page":"5","article-title":"Prevalencia de las principales enfermedades infecciosas que afectan el comportamiento reproductivo en la ganader\u00eda de carne y caracterizaci\u00f3n de los establecimientos de cr\u00eda del Uruguay","volume":"40","author":"MV Repiso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinaria (Montevideo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000200003","article-title":"A ten-year follow-up of human leptospirosis in Uruguay: an unresolved health problem","volume":"54","author":"F Schelotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201759079","article-title":"Characterization of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> isolates from humans and the environment in Uruguay","volume":"59","author":"P Meny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"181","article-title":"Society International Leptospirosis","author":"P Meny","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.05.001","article-title":"Seronegativity of bovines face to their own recovered leptospiral isolates","volume":"108","author":"H Libonati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gmr8473","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15018473","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> serovar Hardjo strain Hardjobovis in the urine of naturally infected cattle in Brazil","volume":"15","author":"RT Chideroli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1081-9","article-title":"Molecular typing of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Hardjo isolates from leptospirosis outbreaks in Brazilian livestock","volume":"13","author":"MRV Cosate","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0369-x","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Hardjoprajitno from a calf with clinical leptospirosis in Chile","volume":"11","author":"M Salgado","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","first-page":"63","article-title":"Isolation and identification of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> Hardjo from cattle in Argentina","volume":"27","author":"DM Myers","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.065466-0","article-title":"Isolation of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> Hardjoprajitno from vaginal fluid of a clinically healthy ewe suggests potential for venereal transmission","volume":"63","author":"A Director","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","first-page":"277","article-title":"Detection of <italic>Leptospira santarosai<\/italic> and <italic>L<\/italic>. <italic>kirschneri<\/italic> in cattle: new isolates with potential impact in bovine production and public health","volume":"42","author":"CA Carmona-Gasca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Mex"},{"key":"ref21","author":"S Faine","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004403","article-title":"What makes a bacterial species pathogenic?: comparative genomic analysis of the genus <italic>Leptospira<\/italic>","volume":"10","author":"DE Fouts","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.03.024","article-title":"Optimization of LipL32 PCR assay for increased sensitivity in diagnosing leptospirosis","volume":"82","author":"RL Galloway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-013-9582-x","article-title":"Urinary PCR as an increasingly useful tool for an accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis in livestock","volume":"38","author":"C Hamond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-5-28","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species","volume":"5","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.9.2219-2224.1992","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction for detection of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. in clinical samples","volume":"30","author":"F Merien","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00336-06","article-title":"Application of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for molecular typing of the agent of leptospirosis","volume":"44","author":"L Salaun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001374","article-title":"Comparison of two multilocus sequence based genotyping schemes for <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> species","volume":"5","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595","article-title":"BIGSdb: Scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level","volume":"11","author":"KA Jolley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02155","article-title":"Culture strategies for isolation of fastidious <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serovar Hardjo and molecular differentiation of genotypes Hardjobovis and Hardjoprajitno","volume":"8","author":"RT Chideroli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001363","article-title":"Genotyping of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> directly in urine samples of cattle demonstrates a diversity of species and strains in Brazil","volume":"144","author":"C Hamond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814002416","article-title":"First isolation of <italic>Leptospira noguchii<\/italic> serogroups Panama and Autumnalis from cattle","volume":"143","author":"G Martins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.071669","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira noguchii<\/italic> and human and animal leptospirosis, Southern Brazil","volume":"15","author":"\u00c9F Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012","article-title":"<italic>Leptospira<\/italic> and leptospirosis","volume":"140","author":"B Adler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0181-6","article-title":"Molecular and serological characterization of <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Canicola isolated from dogs, swine, and bovine in Brazil","volume":"45","author":"F Miraglia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"PN Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1210-8","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> serogroup Pomona infections among wild and domestic animals in Spain","volume":"14","author":"ZJ Arent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31737-5","article-title":"Differentiation of reference strains of leptospires of the Pomona serogroup by cross-agglutination absorption and restriction endonuclease analysis","volume":"39","author":"SC Hathaway","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.2.424-425.1996","article-title":"Correlation between DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in <italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/italic> serovar Pomona type Kennewicki and host animal source","volume":"34","author":"CA Bolin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"770","article-title":"Diseases of Swine","author":"WA Ellis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"13","article-title":"The Present State of Leptospirosis Diagnosis and Control","author":"WA Ellis","year":"1986"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.085","article-title":"Characterization of virulence of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> isolates in a hamster model","volume":"26","author":"EF Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.008","article-title":"Usage of <italic>Leptospira<\/italic> spp. local strains as antigens increases the sensitivity of the serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis","volume":"149","author":"PS Pinto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.037","article-title":"Effectiveness of a commercial leptospiral vaccine on urinary shedding in naturally exposed sheep in New Zealand","volume":"35","author":"E Vallee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.995","article-title":"Use of a monovalent leptospiral vaccine to prevent renal colonization and urinary shedding in cattle exposed to <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> serovar Hardjo","volume":"62","author":"CA Bolin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00288-10","article-title":"A <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> serovar Hardjo vaccine induces a Th1 response, activates NK cells, and reduces renal colonization","volume":"18","author":"RL Zuerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006392","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of human leptospirosis in New Zealand","volume":"128","author":"CN Thornley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7550","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7550-7558.2001","article-title":"Protective killed <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> vaccine induces potent Th1 immunity comprising responses by CD4 and gammadelta T lymphocytes","volume":"69","author":"BM Naiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6147","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6147-6157.2002","article-title":"Evaluation of type 1 immune response in naive and vaccinated animals following challenge with <italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/italic> serovar Hardjo: involvement of WC1(+) gammadelta and CD4 T cells","volume":"70","author":"BM Naiman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"251","article-title":"Vaccines against leptospirosis","volume":"387","author":"B Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T20:16:14Z","timestamp":1604952974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006694"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jenifer","family":"Coburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]}}}