{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:35:36Z","timestamp":1776440136334,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T13:23:53Z","timestamp":1540905833000},"page":"e0006858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Participatory survey of Rift Valley fever in nomadic pastoral communities of North-central Nigeria: The associated risk pathways and factors"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-2598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nma Bida","family":"Alhaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olutayo Olajide","family":"Babalobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiltawe","family":"Wungak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussaini Gulak","family":"Ularamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Recognizing Rift Valley fever","volume":"42","author":"FG Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000149174","article-title":"Bunyaviridae","volume":"14","author":"DH Bishop","year":"1980","journal-title":"Intervirol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.2174\/156652405774962263","article-title":"Rift Valley fever","volume":"5","author":"R Flick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0319","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus epidemic in Kenya, 2006\/2007: the entomologic investigations","volume":"83","author":"R Sang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20617","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20617","article-title":"Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vaccine Provides Multispecies Protection against Rift Valley Fever","volume":"6","author":"GM Warimwe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.188","article-title":"Mechanical transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by hematophagous Diptera","volume":"34","author":"AL Hoch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/37.3.435","article-title":"Laboratory transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by <italic>Phlebotomus duboscqi<\/italic>, <italic>Phlebotomus papatasi<\/italic>, <italic>Phlebotomus sergenti<\/italic>, and <italic>Sergentomyia schwetzi<\/italic> (Diptera: <italic>Psychodidae<\/italic>)","volume":"37","author":"DJ Dohm","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"369","article-title":"Foreign Animal Diseases","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833c3da6","article-title":"Advances in Rift Valley fever research: insights for disease prevention","volume":"23","author":"AD LaBeaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2012.02.017","article-title":"Breaking the chain: Rift Valley fever virus control via livestock vaccination","volume":"2","author":"BH Bird","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-65","article-title":"Role of <italic>Culex<\/italic> and <italic>Anopheles<\/italic> mosquito species as potential vectors of rift valley fever virus in Sudan outbreak, 2007","volume":"10","author":"AEM Seufi","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001465","article-title":"Climate Teleconnections and Recent Patterns of Human and Animal Disease Outbreaks","volume":"6","author":"A Anyamba","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO\/OIE\/WHO (2015) Africa\u2014El Ni\u00f1o and increased risk of Rift Valley fever\u2014Warning to countries. EMPRES WATCH, Vol. 34, December 2015. Rome.","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2364"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90005-1","article-title":"The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977\u201378: Ecological and entomological studies","volume":"73","author":"H Hoogstraal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1195528","article-title":"Attenuation of pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus strain through the chimeric S-segment encoding sand fly fever phlebovirus NSs or a dominant-negative PKR","volume":"7","author":"S Nishiyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0291","article-title":"An assessment of the regional and national socio-economic impacts of the 2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Kenya","volume":"83","author":"K Rich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines on Rift Valley fever 2014","year":"2014"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0290","article-title":"Epidemiological Assessment of the Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Kenya and Tanzania in 2006 and 2007","volume":"83","author":"CC Jost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"ref19","first-page":"305","article-title":"The epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of Rift Valley fever in Tanzania: A review","volume":"13","author":"C Sindato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130996","article-title":"Reemergence of Rift Valley Fever, Mauritania, 2010","volume":"20","author":"O Faye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref21","first-page":"299","article-title":"Raising community awareness about Zoonotic diseases with special reference to rift valley fever, the roles of professionals and media","volume":"5","author":"MM El Rehima","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cell Anim Biol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.04.004","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative impacts assessment of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Fulani pastoral herds of North-central Nigeria: The associated socio-cultural factors","volume":"128","author":"NB Alhaji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(95)00547-1","article-title":"Monitoring of livestock health and production in sub- Saharan Africa","volume":"25","author":"PN de Leeuw","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-006-4365-9","article-title":"The use of participatory epidemiology to compare the clinical and veterinary knowledge of pastoralist and veterinarians in East Africa","volume":"38","author":"A Catley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"228","article-title":"Veterinary Epidemiology","author":"M Thrusfield","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"FAO (2012) Rift Valley fever: vigilance needed in the coming months. EMPRES WATCH, Vol. 27, December 2012. Rome"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.09.001","article-title":"A model of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia transmission dynamics in East Africa","volume":"73","author":"JC Mariner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"AU\/IBAR (2013) Rift Valley fever. African Union-Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources. Animal Health and Production Compendium, CAB International, 02 September 2013. URL <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.au-ibar.org\/rift-valley-fever\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.au-ibar.org\/rift-valley-fever<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.15.3.966","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Nigeria: infections in domestic animals","volume":"15","author":"OD Olaleye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev sci tech Off int Epiz"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.15.3.967","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Nigeria: infections in humans","volume":"15","author":"OD Olaleye","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev sci tech Off int Epiz"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"MLFD (2016) Estimated livestock population in Niger State. 2014 Annual Livestock Report of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD), Minna, Niger State, Nigeria, February, 2014, 1\u201352."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00289-6","article-title":"Participatory analysis of seasonal incidences of diseases of cattle, disease vectors and rain fall in southern Sudan","volume":"53","author":"A Catley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.4.514","article-title":"Evaluation of pathways for release of Rift Valley fever virus into domestic ruminant livestock, ruminant wildlife, and human populations in the continental United States","volume":"232","author":"TR Kasari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Dean AG, Sullivan KM, Soe MM. (2009) OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version 2.3.1. URL <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.openepi.com\/OE2.3\/Menu\/OpenEpiMenu.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.openepi.com\/OE2.3\/Menu\/OpenEpiMenu.htm<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"373","article-title":"Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (WMADH)","volume":"79","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Catley A (2005) Participatory Epidemiology: A Guide for Trainers. African Union\/Inter- African Bureau for Animal Resources Nairobi, URL <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.participatoryepidemiology.info\/copy\/pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.participatoryepidemiology.info\/copy\/pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.03.010","article-title":"Participatory epidemiology: approaches, methods, experiences","volume":"191","author":"A Catley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Methods for the Collection of Action-Oriented Epidemiological Intelligence. FAO Animal Health Manual No. 10","author":"JC Mariner","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.675","article-title":"Validation of an ELISA for the concurrent detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) to Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"81","author":"CE Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732186","article-title":"The problem of rankings","volume":"10","author":"MG Kendall","year":"1939","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Statistics"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for Behavioral Sciences, International ed","author":"S Siegel","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"53","article-title":"Encyclopedia of Research Design","volume":"vol. 1","author":"P Legendre","year":"2010"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.83s2a01","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: Scientific pathways toward public health prevention and response","volume":"83","author":"FR Breiman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Grace D, Jost C, MacGregor-Skinner G, Mariner JC (2008) Participation of small farmers in animal health programs. Presented at the Office International des Epizooties 76th General Session, 25\u201330 May 2008, Paris, France."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01519-08","article-title":"Multiple virus lineages sharing recent common ancestry were associated with a large Rift Valley fever outbreak among livestock in Kenya during 2006\u20132007","volume":"82","author":"BH Bird","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0293","article-title":"Risk factors for severe Rift Valley fever infection in Kenya, 2007","volume":"83","author":"AS Anyangu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2010033","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus(Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus): an update on pathogenesis, molecular epidemiology, vectors, diagnostics and prevention","volume":"41","author":"M Pepin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5426.397","article-title":"Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya","volume":"285","author":"KJ Linthicum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806490106","article-title":"Prediction of a Rift Valley fever outbreak","volume":"106","author":"A Anyamba","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Breaking the chain: Rift Valley fever virus control via livestock vaccination","volume":"2","author":"BH Bird","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01746.x","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in West Africa: the role of space in endemicity","volume":"11","author":"C Favier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trop Med Intern Health"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-78","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of Rift Valley fever epidemiology in the south-west of the Indian Ocean","volume":"44","author":"T Balenghien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-41","article-title":"Risk factors for house-entry by culicine mosquitoes in a rural town and satellite villages in The Gambia","volume":"1","author":"MJ Kirby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009806","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies against Rift Valley Fever in Kenyan wildlife","volume":"136","author":"A Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0600","article-title":"Spatial risk assessment of Rift Valley fever in Senegal","volume":"7","author":"AC Clements","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2591-9","article-title":"Ecological distribution and population dynamics of Rift Valley fever virus mosquito vectors (<italic>Diptera<\/italic>, <italic>Culicidae<\/italic>) in Senegal","volume":"11","author":"B Biteye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114047","article-title":"Statistical modeling of the abundance of vectors of West African Rift Valley fever in Bark\u00e9dji, Senegal","volume":"9","author":"C Talla","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0288","article-title":"An investigation of a major outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Kenya: 2006\u20132007","volume":"83","author":"PM Nguku","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rift Valley Fever: Scientific Pathways toward Public Health Prevention and Response","volume":"83","author":"FB Robert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1725","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160165","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0165","article-title":"Spatial, seasonal and climatic predictive models of Rift Valley fever disease across Africa","volume":"372","author":"DW Redding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phil Trans R Soc B"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800049633","article-title":"Patterns of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"108","author":"FG Davies","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"921","article-title":"The use community-based animal health workers to strengthen surveillance systems in Tanzania","volume":"24","author":"R Allport","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"10","article-title":"Participatory epidemiology of ethnoveterinary practices Fulani pastoralists used to manage contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and other cattle ailments in Niger state, Nigeria","author":"NB Alhaji","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Med"},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"ProMED (2016) Rift Valley Fever\u2014Niger (03): (Tahoua), Livestock, Human. 29 Sep 2016. URL <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.promedmail.org\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.promedmail.org<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.405","article-title":"Characterization of clone 13, a naturally attenuated avirulent isolate of Rift Valley fever virus, which is altered in the small segment","volume":"53","author":"R Muller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-11-2853","article-title":"Variability of the NS(S) protein among Rift Valley fever virus isolates","volume":"78","author":"AA Sall","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T17:54:25Z","timestamp":1588960465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006858"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anita K.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006858","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]}}}