{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:22:07Z","timestamp":1790169727220,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555632000000}}],"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T14:20:45Z","timestamp":1554819645000},"page":"e0007321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Epidemiological features of a recent zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreak in Zagora province, southern Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adil","family":"El Hamouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Othmane","family":"Daoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouad","family":"Ait Kbaich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idris","family":"Mhaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"El Kacem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikram","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u2019hammed","family":"Sarih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9923-9219","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meryem","family":"Lemrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"WHO (2018) Leishmaniasis: magnitude of the problem (<ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/burden\/magnitude\/burden_magnitude\/en\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/leishmaniasis\/burden\/magnitude\/burden_magnitude\/en\/<\/ext-link>)."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70209-8","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"R Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.09.004","article-title":"Leishmaniasis and poverty","volume":"22","author":"J Alvar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61340-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: quantifying the epidemiological transition","volume":"386","author":"CJ Murray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.021","article-title":"Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"A Oryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"557","article-title":"Global leishmaniasis update, 2006\u20132015: a turning point in leishmaniasis surveillance","volume":"92","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"365","article-title":"Les leishmanioses cutan\u00e9es du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en occidental. De l&apos;identification enzymatique \u00e0 l&apos;analyse \u00e9co-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologique. L&apos;exemple de trois \u2018foyers\u2019, tunisien, marocain et fran\u00e7ais","volume":"1986","author":"J Rioux","year":"1986","journal-title":"CollintCNRS\/INSERM) IMEE, Montpellier"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"90","volume":"168","author":"J Rioux","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00129.x","article-title":"Characteristics of resting habitats of adult Phlebotomus papatasi in Neot Hakikar, an oasis south of the Dead Sea","volume":"1","author":"GC Muller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol 36 Suppl"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004819","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004819","article-title":"Distribution and Dispersal of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus, the Northern Negev, Israel","volume":"10","author":"L Orshan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petter F (1988) Epid\u00e9miologie de la leishmaniose cutan\u00e9e dans le sud du Maroc et dans le sud-est de l\u2019Arabie. S\u00e9ance du 18 f\u00e9vrier 1988.","DOI":"10.4267\/2042\/64526"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.5.495","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in morocco: still a topical question","volume":"19","author":"M Riyad","year":"2013","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru085","article-title":"Diversity of Leishmania species and of strains of Leishmania major isolated from desert rodents in different foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"108","author":"A Mirzaei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.05.005","article-title":"Multilocus microsatellite typing shows three different genetic clusters of Leishmania major in Iran","volume":"13","author":"T Mahnaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(03)00093-2","article-title":"PCR diagnosis and characterization of <italic>Leishmania<\/italic> in local and imported clinical samples","volume":"47","author":"G Schonian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"MHM (2016) Sant\u00e9 en chiffres 2015. Direction de la Planification et des Ressources Financi\u00e8re, Division de la Planification et des Etudes, Service des Etudes et de l\u2019Information Sanitaire."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/01811789.1984.10826694","article-title":"Relations Phl\u00e9botomes-bioclimats en \u00e9cologie des leishmanioses Corollaires \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques","volume":"131","author":"J-A Rioux","year":"1984","journal-title":"L'exemple du Maroc. Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Botanique de France Actualit\u00e9s Botaniques"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"MHM (2014) \u00c9tat d\u2019avancement des programmes de lutte contre les maladies parasitaires. Direction de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de lutte contre les maladies, Morocco."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods","volume":"17","author":"RG Newcombe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Epitools epidemiological calculators","author":"ESG Sergeant","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001633","article-title":"Temporal dynamics and impact of climate factors on the incidence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Tunisia","volume":"6","author":"A Toumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"263","article-title":"Quantitative approaches to epidemiology","volume":"1","author":"A Lysenko","year":"1987","journal-title":"The leishmaniases in biology and medicine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","article-title":"Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern","volume":"27","author":"M Maroli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.010","article-title":"Natural Leishmania infection of Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa, Turkey","volume":"149","author":"S Demir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"417","article-title":"Leishmaniasis. Public health aspects and control","volume":"14","author":"P Desjeux","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70229-2","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"31","author":"AB Koff","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12543","article-title":"Control of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in south-eastern Morocco","volume":"20","author":"I Bennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0267-5","article-title":"Psychosocial impact of scars due to cutaneous leishmaniasis on high school students in Errachidia province, Morocco","volume":"6","author":"I Bennis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005090","article-title":"Psychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among Women in Tunisia: Preliminary Findings from an Exploratory Study","volume":"10","author":"MK Chahed","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03640.x","article-title":"Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection","volume":"17","author":"AL Banuls","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"WHO (2010) Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, Switzerland, 22\u201326 March 2010. WHO technical report series."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014014","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review","volume":"21","author":"K Aoun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.03.005","article-title":"Epidemiologic study and molecular detection of Leishmania and sand fly species responsible of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Foum Jamaa (Azilal, Atlas of Morocco)","volume":"127","author":"H Arroub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.19.160.2613","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in Morocco: comparative epidemioclinical aspects of 268 cases","volume":"19","author":"S Chiheb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joad.2015.06.007","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic profile of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus, Southwestern Iran","volume":"4","author":"M-H Feiz-Haddad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Acute Disease"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"e0005141","article-title":"Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Districts of High and Low Endemicity in Mali","volume":"10","author":"B Traore","year":"2016"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555632000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T20:07:52Z","timestamp":1588968472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Syamal","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007321","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]}}}