{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:21:06Z","timestamp":1790742066966,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000}}],"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T17:35:49Z","timestamp":1567186549000},"page":"e0007708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Leishmaniasis and tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists in the Mediterranean basin. A switch in clinical expression"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pau","family":"Bosch-Nicolau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ubals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Montalv\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Erra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Martinez de Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sulleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-7515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Israel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Supplement_3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1086\/429996","article-title":"Reactivation of Latent Granulomatous Infections by Infliximab","volume":"41","author":"RS Wallis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.47827","article-title":"State of the art paper Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors\u2013state of knowledge","volume":"6","author":"K Lis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0007708.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2010.11.032","article-title":"Infections in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists: incidence, etiology and mortality in the BIOBADASER registry","volume":"137","author":"MJ P\u00e9rez-Sola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"10151","key":"pntd.0007708.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"S Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007708.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2013.01.006","article-title":"Leishmaniasis during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Report of 4 cases and review of the literature (additional 28 cases)","volume":"43","author":"LS Guedes-Barbosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007708.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03674.x","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist drugs and leishmaniasis in Europe","volume":"18","author":"P Zanger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0527","article-title":"Ultrasensitive real-time PCR for the clinical management of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected patients","volume":"89","author":"I Molina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1157\/13059832","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis related to infliximab administration","volume":"22","author":"V Roman\u00ed-Costa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref009","first-page":"891","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with infliximab","volume":"23","author":"S Fabre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0007708.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0356-5","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept","volume":"26","author":"V Bagalas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0007708.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel235","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with adalimumab","volume":"45","author":"M Bassetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0775-y","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis treated with infliximab: reactivation of a latent infection?","volume":"27","author":"MG Tektonidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref013","first-page":"503","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and anti-TNF-alpha therapy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"F De Leonardis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0628-x","article-title":"Risk factors for opportunistic infections in infliximab-treated patients: the importance of screening in prevention","volume":"28","author":"C Garcia-Vidal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0007708.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(09)75316-3","article-title":"R\u00e9cidive sous forme pseudotumorale d\u2019une leishmaniose visc\u00e9rale","volume":"16","author":"E Jeziorski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch P\u00e9diatrie"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1506.090101","article-title":"Leishmaniasis, autoimmune rheumatic disease, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, Europe","volume":"15","author":"ID Xynos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref017","first-page":"261","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with adalimumab: a case description and literature review","volume":"28","author":"D Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.01.011","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and macrophagic activation syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with adalimumab","volume":"77","author":"A Molt\u00f3","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181c8aa33","article-title":"An atypical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab","volume":"16","author":"K Kritikos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref020","first-page":"590","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis among immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic diseases","volume":"28","author":"GL Erre","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"oct12 2","key":"pntd.0007708.ref021","article-title":"Let off the leash: kala-azar following the use of tumour necrosis factor antibodies","volume":"2010","author":"A Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Case Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0007708.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2483-4","article-title":"Imported case of visceral leishmaniasis presenting as pancytopenia in a Norwegian patient treated with methotrexate and etanercept for psoriasis arthritis","volume":"33","author":"E Besada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11003","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in a patient taking adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"198","author":"CE Berry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref024","first-page":"40","article-title":"Persistent inflammation of the nasal dorsum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab","volume":"30","author":"JM Garc\u00eda-Castro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0007708.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes030","article-title":"Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient treated with anti-TNF- therapy","volume":"51","author":"E Garcia-Gonzalez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2013.05.003","article-title":"Clinical aspects and management of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rheumatoid patients treated with TNF-\u03b1 antagonists","volume":"11","author":"ALC Neumayr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12083","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis with cutaneous symptoms in a patient treated with infliximab followed by fatal consequences","volume":"27","author":"K Juzlova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0633","article-title":"Pseudolymphomatoid cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient treated with adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"89","author":"S Balt\u00e0-Cruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.52","article-title":"Relapsing cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis treated with infliximab","volume":"81","author":"MC Mueller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0007708.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2009.05.008","article-title":"Multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum under adalimumab therapy","volume":"136","author":"P Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000258675","article-title":"Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in a Patient Treated with Infliximab","volume":"220","author":"S Hakimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0007708.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5070\/D30C96W76K","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis with histopathologic pattern of non-necrotizing granulomatous dermatitis in patients treated with adalimumab","volume":"18","author":"A Romero-Mat\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007708.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2012.752859","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient receiving infliximab","volume":"45","author":"A Hern\u00e1ndez-Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007708.ref034","first-page":"714","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient receiving infliximab for psoriatic arthritis: treatment with cryotherapy and intralesional meglumine antimonate","volume":"105","author":"A Catal\u00e0","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"issue":"jun10 1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-204914","article-title":"Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis in the immunosuppressed","volume":"2014","author":"C Micallef","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000370238","article-title":"Anti-tumour necrosis factor-induced visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: case report and review of the literature","volume":"230","author":"A Catal\u00e0","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007708.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13061","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with anti-tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 drugs: an emerging disease","volume":"42","author":"J Marcoval","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0769","article-title":"Case Report: Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in a Patient Undergoing Immunosuppressive Therapy: Risk Status in an Endemic Mediterranean Area","volume":"98","author":"MM Alcover","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0007708.ref039","article-title":"Anti-TNF-associated cutaneous leishmaniasis: a single-institution experience","author":"A Mart\u00ednez-Dom\u00e9nech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19051442","article-title":"A New Venue of TNF Targeting","volume":"19","author":"S Steeland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0007708.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005660","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005660","article-title":"Phlebotomine sand fly-borne pathogens in the Mediterranean Basin: Human leishmaniasis and phlebovirus infections","volume":"11","author":"M Moriconi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis. Public Library of Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2016-0011","article-title":"Expression analysis of viscerotropic leishmaniasis gene in Leishmania species by real-time RT-PCR","volume":"61","author":"HR Nafchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007708.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01708.x","article-title":"Asymptomatic infection by Leishmania infantum in blood donors from the Balearic Islands (Spain)","volume":"48","author":"C Riera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007708.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2017.07.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Leishmania infection in blood donors","volume":"56","author":"M Foroutan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pntd.0007708.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.05.012","article-title":"Importance of worldwide asymptomatic carriers of Leishmania infantum (L. chagasi) in human","volume":"119","author":"G Michel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0007708.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.12.2121","article-title":"Fibroblasts as host cells in latent leishmaniosis","volume":"191","author":"C Bogdan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0007708.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2608","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: complexity at the host-pathogen interface","volume":"9","author":"P Kaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0007708.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00187","article-title":"Modulation of Innate Immune Mechanisms to Enhance Leishmania Vaccine-Induced Immunity: Role of Coinhibitory Molecules","volume":"7","author":"S Gannavaram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0007708.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.05.024","article-title":"Requirements for Th1-dependent immunity against infection with Leishmania major","volume":"6","author":"E von Stebut","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0007708.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.08.009","article-title":"Macrophages, pathology and parasite persistence in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"20","author":"CR Engwerda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-209","article-title":"Resistance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis to nitric oxide: correlation with antimony therapy and","volume":"10","author":"AS Souza","year":"2010","journal-title":"TNF-alpha production. BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0007708.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6656","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6656","article-title":"Macrophages induce neutrophil apoptosis through membrane TNF, a process amplified by Leishmania major","volume":"176","author":"C Allenbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007708.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2016.1232042","article-title":"Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a review","volume":"110","author":"N Maspi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007708.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb7100011","article-title":"Balancing immunity and pathology in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"85","author":"AC Stanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00185.x","article-title":"Re-examination of the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediating non-cure of Leishmania infection in mice","volume":"201","author":"D Sacks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0007708.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01437","article-title":"The Equivocal Role of Th17 Cells and Neutrophils on Immunopathogenesis of Leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"C Gon\u00e7alves-de-Albuquerque S da","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0007708.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003021","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV Coinfection in the Mediterranean Region","volume":"8","author":"B Monge-Maillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-84256","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Leishmaniasis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH)","volume":"96","author":"N Aronson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.858","article-title":"Reference values for Leishmania infantum parasitemia in different clinical presentations: quantitative polymerase chain reaction for therapeutic monitoring and patient follow-up","volume":"75","author":"C Mary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007708.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2017.1323150","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniosis in immunocompromised host: an update and literature review","volume":"29","author":"P Pagliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007708.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.973850","article-title":"An Update on pharmacotherapy for Leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"S Sundar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007708.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw096","article-title":"Evidence of a drug-specific impact of experimentally selected paromomycin and miltefosine resistance on parasite fitness in Leishmania infantum","volume":"71","author":"S Hendrickx","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007708.ref064","article-title":"Miltefosine for Mucosal and Complicated Cutaneous Old World Leishmaniasis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"3","author":"V Mosimann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open forum Infect Dis. Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"30","key":"pntd.0007708.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20542","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.30.20542","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in the era of tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist therapy\u2014a research agenda for Europe","volume":"18","author":"P Zanger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"pntd.0007708.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01772","article-title":"Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 Therapeutics Differentially Affect Leishmania Infection of Human Macrophages","volume":"9","author":"K Arens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol. Frontiers Media SA"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:47:30Z","timestamp":1664239650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Abhay R","family":"Satoskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007708","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]}}}