{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:47:23Z","timestamp":1767340043964,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T18:29:13Z","timestamp":1576780153000},"page":"e0007841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Premature deaths by visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil investigated through a cohort study: A challenging opportunity?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-5860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Nilce S.","family":"Maia-Elkhoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Adolfo","family":"Sierra Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha Y.","family":"O. B. Valadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"L. Sousa-Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Angelo","family":"Lauletta Lindoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-3250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elisa","family":"Cupolillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Ruiz-Postigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Argaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Sanchez-Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007841.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"38","key":"pntd.0007841.ref002","first-page":"557","article-title":"Global leishmaniasis update, 2006\u20132015: a turning point in leishmaniasis surveillance = Le point sur la situation mondiale de la leishmaniose, 2006\u20132015: un tournant dans la surveillance de la maladie. Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relev\u00e9 \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire","volume":"92","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) = Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS).","year":"2017","journal-title":"WHO = OMS."},{"volume-title":"Leishmaniases. Epidemiological Report in the Americas","year":"2016","author":"Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)","key":"pntd.0007841.ref003"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2012000200007","article-title":"S\u00e9rie temporal da leishmaniose visceral em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, Brasil (1999 a 2008): aspectos humanos e caninos","volume":"15","author":"MAO G\u00f3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Bras Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000200017","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral: estudo retrospectivo de fatores associados \u00e0 letalidade","volume":"43","author":"DG Alvarenga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007841.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2223\/1286","article-title":"American visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in hospitalized children from an endemic area","volume":"81","author":"LC Rey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)."},{"issue":"44","key":"pntd.0007841.ref007","first-page":"365","article-title":"Urbanization: an increasing risk factor for leishmaniasis = Urbanisation: facteur de risque croissant pour la leishmaniose","volume":"77","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) = Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS).","year":"2002","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relev\u00e9 \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0007841.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2012.03064.x","article-title":"Latent class analysis of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"17","author":"TS Machado de Assis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref009","first-page":"120","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral: aspectos cl\u00ednicos e laboratoriais","volume":"78","author":"AC Pastorino","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007841.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584","article-title":"Control of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america-a systematic review.","volume":"4","author":"GA Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2223\/1154","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: clinical and epidemiological features of children in an endemic area","volume":"80","author":"MJA Queiroz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)."},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref012","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Desenvolvimento da Epidemiologia em Servi\u00e7os. Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2016. 773 p. Available from: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2016\/agosto\/25\/GVS-online.pdf"},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref013","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Unidade T\u00e9cnica de Vigil\u00e2ncia das Doen\u00e7as de Transmiss\u00e3o Vetorial. Grupo T\u00e9cnico das Leishmanioses. (2014). Nota Informativa\u2013CGDT\/DEVIT\/SVS\/MS. Available from: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2016\/dezembro\/29\/Nota-Tecnica\u2014teste-rapido-humano-IT.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007841.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1086\/381203","article-title":"Conflict and kala-azar: determinants of adverse outcomes of kala-azar among patients in southern Sudan","volume":"38","author":"S Collin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007841.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3139-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors for death from visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"GL Werneck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822002000600014","article-title":"Predictors of an unsatisfactory response to pentavalent antimony in the treatment of American visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"35","author":"MA Santos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.6.1354","article-title":"Bacterial infections in patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"162","author":"TM Andrade","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0007841.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002982","article-title":"Risk factors for adverse prognosis and death in American visceral leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"VS Belo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref019","first-page":"281572","article-title":"American visceral leishmaniasis: factors associated with lethality in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"2012","author":"G Madalosso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brazil. J Trop Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0258-2016","article-title":"Predicting death from kala-azar: construction, development, and validation of a score set and accompanying software","volume":"49","author":"DL Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref021","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Leishmaniose visceral: recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas para redu\u00e7\u00e3o da letalidade. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2011. 78 p. (S\u00e9rie A. Normas e Manuais T\u00e9cnicos). Available from: http:\/\/bvsms.saude.gov.br\/bvs\/publicacoes\/leishmaniose_visceral_reducao_letalidade.pdf"},{"issue":"26","key":"pntd.0007841.ref022","first-page":"7","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral: situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual e perspectivas futuras","volume":"3","author":"JAL Lindoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"BEPA\u2014Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico Paulista"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005706","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005706","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of available treatments for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: A multicenter, randomized, open label trial.","volume":"11","author":"GAS Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"91","key":"pntd.0007841.ref024","first-page":"285","article-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relev\u00e9 \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire","volume":"22","author":"World Health Organization (WHO) = Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS).","year":"2016","journal-title":"WHO = OMS"},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref025","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o (SINAN). Letalidade de Leishmaniose Visceral. Brasil, Grandes Regi\u00f5es e Unidades Federadas. 2000 a 2015. Available from: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2019\/outubro\/14\/LV-Letalidade.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0007841.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036242","article-title":"The genetic structure of Leishmania infantum populations in Brazil and its possible association with the transmission cycle of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"7","author":"GE Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007841.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000100006","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Leishmania infantum field populations from Brazil","volume":"107","author":"M Segatto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref028","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral. Bras\u00edlia: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. 2014. 120 p."},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref029","unstructured":"Brasil. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o de Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o (SINAN). Casos confirmados de Leishmaniose Visceral, Brasil, Grandes Regi\u00f5es e Unidades Federadas, 1990 a 2016. Available from: https:\/\/portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br\/images\/pdf\/2019\/outubro\/14\/LV-Letalidade.pdf"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0007841.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001200024","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and challenges.","volume":"24","author":"AN Maia-Elkhoury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007841.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.732","article-title":"Isolation of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis from the bone marrow in a case of American visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"35","author":"A Barral","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0007841.ref032","unstructured":"United Nations. The General Assembly. Seventieth session. Agenda items 15 and 116. [18 September 2015] Integrated and coordinated implementation of and follow-up to the outcomes of the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic, social and related fields: report of the Secretary-General. (A\/70\/L.1). Available from: http:\/\/www.un.org\/ga\/search\/view_doc.asp?symbol=A\/70\/L.1&Lang=E"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression Models and Life-Tables","volume":"34","author":"DR Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0007841.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/81.3.515","article-title":"Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals","volume":"81","author":"PM Grambsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000029","article-title":"Late diagnosis: a factor associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis in elderly patients","volume":"109","author":"M Driemeier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007841.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/ahg.12180","article-title":"Comprehensive candidate gene analysis for symptomatic or asymptomatic outcomes of Leishmania infantum infection in Brazil","volume":"81","author":"JL Weirather","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01844","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01844-14","article-title":"Clinical severity of visceral leishmaniasis is associated with changes in immunoglobulin g fc N-glycosylation","volume":"5","author":"LG Gardinassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0007841.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2012.04.004","article-title":"Leishmania chagasi naturally resistant to nitric oxide isolated from humans and dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"27","author":"PL Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0007841.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2011.562873","article-title":"Toward establishment of temperature thresholds for immunological impact of heat exposure in humans","volume":"27","author":"SH Beachy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0007841.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1511","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001511","article-title":"Early clinical manifestations associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"6","author":"VEM de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0007841.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12877","article-title":"Causes and consequences of higher Leishmania infantum burden in patients with kala-azar: a study of 625 patients","volume":"22","author":"DA Zacarias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0007841.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005772","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV\/AIDS in Brazil: Are we aware enough?","volume":"11","author":"ML De Sousa-Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0007841.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12994","article-title":"Cost of visceral leishmaniasis care in Brazil","volume":"22","author":"IPSF de Carvalho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T22:52:22Z","timestamp":1722207142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007841"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Claudia Ida","family":"Brodskyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007841","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1935-2735"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]}}}