{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:15:48Z","timestamp":1787206548539,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008328","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590537600000}}],"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The dual burden of enteric infection and childhood malnutrition continues to be a global health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and death among children.<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection, in particular, is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. We examined longitudinal data to evaluate the trajectories of change in child growth, and to identify associations with<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection and household factors. The study analyzed data from 265 children participating in the MAL-ED Study in Mirpur, Bangladesh. We applied latent growth curve modelling to evaluate the trajectories of change in children\u2019s height, as measured by length-for-age z-score (LAZ), from age 0\u201324 months. Asymptomatic and symptomatic<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infections were included as 3- and 6-month lagged time-varying covariates, while household risk factors were included as time-invariant covariates. Maternal height and birth order were positively associated with LAZ at birth. An inverse association was found between increasing age and LAZ.<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection prevalence increased with age, with over 70% of children 18\u201324 months of age testing positive for infection. In the final model,<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection in the preceding 3-month interval was negatively associated with LAZ at 12, 15, and 18 months of age; similarly, infection in the preceding 6-month interval was negatively associated with LAZ at 15, 18, and 21 months of age. Duration of antibiotic use and access to treated drinking water were negatively associated with<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection, with the strength of the latter effect increasing with children\u2019s age.<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection had a significant negative effect on child\u2019s growth and this effect was most powerful between 12 and 21 months. The treatment of drinking water and increased antibiotic use have a positive indirect effect on linear child growth trajectory, acting via their association with<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T21:34:48Z","timestamp":1589492088000},"page":"e0008328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Campylobacter infection and household factors are associated with childhood growth in urban Bangladesh: An analysis of the MAL-ED study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2295-3251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J. 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