{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:19:20Z","timestamp":1787239160763,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008597","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000}}],"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 2008, Bangladesh initiated Preventive Chemotherapy (PCT) for school-age children (SAC) through bi-annual school-based mass drug administration (MDA) to control Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections. In 2016, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare\u2019s Program on Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination and STH (ELFSTH) initiated district-level community impact assessments with Children Without Worms (CWW) using standardized, population-based sampling to measure the post-intervention STH burden across all ages (\u2265 1 yr) for the three STH species. The Integrated Community-based Survey for Program Monitoring (ICSPM) was developed by CWW and was used to survey 12 districts in Bangladesh from 2017\u20132020. We excluded the first two district data as piloting caused some sampling errors and combined the individual demographic and parasite-specific characteristics from the subsequent 10 districts, linking them with the laboratory data for collective analysis. Our analysis identified district-specific epidemiologic findings, important for program decisions. Of the 17,874 enrolled individuals, our results are based on 10,824 (61.0%) stool samples. Overall, the prevalence of any STH species was substantially reduced to 14% from 79.8% in 2005. The impact was similar across all ages. STH prevalence was 14% in 10 districts collectively, but remained high in four districts, despite their high reported PCT coverage in previous years. Among all, Bhola district was unique because it was the only district with high\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trichuris<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence. Bangladesh successfully lowered STH prevalence across all ages despite targeting SAC only. Data from the survey indicate a significant number of adults and pre-school age children (PSAC) were self-deworming with purchased pills. This may account for the flat impact curve across all ages. Overall prevalence varied across surveyed districts, with persistent high transmission in the northeastern districts and a district in the central flood zone, indicating possible service and ecological factors. Discrepancies in the impact between districts highlight the need for district-level data to evaluate program implementation after consistent high PCT coverage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T18:13:53Z","timestamp":1607364833000},"page":"e0008597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Post-intervention epidemiology of STH in Bangladesh: Data to sustain the gains"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Dhakal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-5726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad Jahirul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al Kawsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9377-5782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jasmine","family":"Irish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mujibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cara","family":"Tupps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraful","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-5492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rubina","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref001","volume-title":"Deworming for health and development: report of the third global meeting of the partners for parasite control","author":"WHO","year":"2004"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref002","author":"MOHFW","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0008597.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.01.003","article-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission Control (PCT) databank: a tool for planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated preventive chemotherapy for control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"106","author":"A Yajima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0008597.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e755","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000755","article-title":"How to (or not to) integrate vertical programmes for the control of major neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"4","author":"NB Kabatereine","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-9-3","article-title":"Does mass drug administration for the integrated treatment of neglected tropical diseases really work? Assessing evidence for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Uganda.","volume":"9","author":"M Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0008597.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006591","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006591","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection four and six months after mass drug administration: results from the delta region of Myanmar","volume":"13","author":"JC Dunn","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0008597.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004256","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004256","article-title":"The Interaction of Deworming, Improved Sanitation, and Household Flooring with Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection in Rural Bangladesh.","volume":"9","author":"J Benjamin-Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008597.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1606-2","article-title":"A mixed methods approach to evaluating community drug distributor performance in the control of neglected tropical diseases","volume":"9","author":"FM Fleming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0008597.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006740","article-title":"The right to deworming: The case for girls and women of reproductive age","volume":"12","author":"TW Gyorkos","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008597.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08755-w","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in four districts in Bangladesh: household cluster surveys of prevalence and intervention status","volume":"20","author":"SL Davlin","journal-title":"BMC Public Health. 2020"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref011","volume-title":"Assessing the epidemiology of STH during TAS","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0008597.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90399-Y","article-title":"Control of geohelminths by delivery of targeted chemotherapy through schools","volume":"84","author":"DA Bundy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref013","author":"WHO","year":"2019"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref014","author":"WHO\/NTD","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref015","unstructured":"Joint Monitoring Programme [Internet]. WHO\/ UNICEF. 2020 [cited 05 Sept 2020]. Available from: https:\/\/washdata.org\/data\/household#!\/table?geo0=country&geo1=BGD."},{"key":"pntd.0008597.ref016","unstructured":"Bank TW. DataBank Microdta Data Catalog: Bangladesh The World Bank; [GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)]. 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